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histolytica trophozoites and comparing gross and histopathological findings in caeca of these animals
HSBP was found to induce specific anti-amoebic response as seen by specific antibody production and direct amoebicidal activity of splenocytes. The vaccine also showed partial protection against challenge infection in vaccinated animals as shown by mild/absent lesions and histopathological findings.Research, Chandigarh 160012, India.influenza virus in patients with IgA nephropathy.of IgA nephropathy. In order to study the aberrant immune response in patients with IgA nephropathy (IgAN), an influenza virus vaccine was administered to healthy adults and patients with IgAN to demonstrate if there was any in vivo alteration in the antibody production to mucosal and non-mucosal antigenic stimulation in these groups.

The vaccine was administered subcutaneously (s.c) or intranasally at a dose of 350 CCA or 1,050 CCA at an interval of 4 weeks, respectively. IgG, IgA, IgM class antibodies to influenza virus were determined using the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Subcutaneous stimulation induced IgM antibody response in both groups. However, positive response to nasal stimulation was observed only in the patient group. Serum IgA and IgM responses in the patient group were significantly higher than those in the control group. These data suggested that patients with IgA nephropathy showed higher antibody response to mucosal stimulation than healthy controls.

protective antigen-specific IgG responses in recipients of the US licensed antigen (PA) concentrations in individuals receiving six or fewer US licensed anthrax vaccinations. Samples were collected from 363 individuals with a mean of 29.6+/-8.42 months after their last vaccination (range 3-57 months). An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) developed and validated by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) was used to evaluate the range and status of anthrax vaccine-induced serum antibody concentrations. A significant correlation (r=0.73, P< or =0.

001) was found to exist between the number of vaccinations received and specific anti-PA immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentrations. We observed two discrete groups comprised of one to three doses (5.9-11.7 microg/ml) and four to six doses (26.2-30.2 microg/ml). These data indicate that anti-PA IgG is present at low but detectable levels after as few as two vaccinations (5.

9+/-6.43 microg/ml). These findings may have significance for anthrax vaccine recipients who are unable to complete the primary or full regimen based delivery of a PA encoding DNA vaccine in rhesus macaques.development of vaccines for a variety of prophylactic and therapeutic indications. Utilizing anthrax protective antigen as a model antigen, we demonstrate that electroporation mediated delivery enhanced the immunogenicity of DNA vaccines in nonhuman primates over 100-fold as compared to conventional intramuscular injection. Two administrations of a DNA vaccine with electroporation elicited anthrax toxin neutralizing antibody responses in 100% of rhesus macaques. Toxin neutralizing antibodies were sustained for the nearly 1-year study duration and were correlated with protection against subsequent lethal Bacillus anthracis spore challenge.

Collectively, chitosan price mediated DNA vaccination conferred protection comparable to that observed following vaccination with an FDA approved anthrax vaccine.involved in innate immune responses to microbial infection preceding the induction of both cellular and humoral immune responses. We assessed the potential of Escherichia coli-expressed His-tag purified recombinant chicken IL-18 (rHis-ChIL-18) as a potentiator of vaccine-induced immune responses in 3 week-old SPF chickens and compared it with several commonly used traditional immunostimulating adjuvants. We found that rHis-ChIL-18 significantly enhanced antibody responses to Clostridium perfringens alpha-toxoid and Newcastle disease virus (NDV) antigens, comparable to the Al(OH)3-gel, Miglyol and chitosan adjuvant. However, antibody responses were lower than water-in-oil (w/o) emulsions and combinations of rHis-ChIL-18 with Al(OH)3-gel, Miglyol or chitosan. Improved HI-titers for infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) were not noted.
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