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The severity of ERI was correlated with grey matter volume (GMV) reduction of the left pallidum and altered rsFC among the prefrontal, striatum and cerebellum in participants with high levels of schizotypal traits.

ERI is associated with GMV reduction and altered rsFC in individuals with high levels of schizotypal traits.
ERI is associated with GMV reduction and altered rsFC in individuals with high levels of schizotypal traits.A common claim is that rape victims are blamed for the crime because they have violated gender roles. We tested this idea by examining whether the relationship between traditional attitudes about gender roles and victim blaming is observed when the victim's gender role violation is not followed by rape. We also examined whether participants with traditional attitudes about casual sex were more likely to engage in victim blaming than their "liberal" counterparts. College students (Study 1 N = 348; Study 2 N = 239) were presented with vignettes that ended in either rape, robbery, assault, homicide, or accident, or had no outcome. Participants with traditional attitudes about gender roles did not assign more blame to victims than liberal participants unless the victim's behavior was followed by rape. In contrast, participants with traditional attitudes about casual sex were more likely to blame victims regardless of the outcome. The pattern suggests that the relationship between traditional attitudes about gender roles and victim blaming is not be due to the victim's violation of gender roles. In addition, victim blaming is due, in part, to the negative attitudes of some students to casual sex.The autophagy-lysosome system is an important cellular degradation pathway that recycles dysfunctional organelles and cytotoxic protein aggregates. A decline in this system is pathogenic in many human diseases including neurodegenerative disorders, fatty liver disease, and atherosclerosis. Thus there is intense interest in discovering therapeutics aimed at stimulating the autophagy-lysosome system. Trehalose is a natural disaccharide composed of two glucose molecules linked by a ɑ-1,1-glycosidic bond with the unique ability to induce cellular macroautophagy/autophagy and with reported efficacy on mitigating several diseases where autophagy is dysfunctional. Interestingly, the mechanism by which trehalose induces autophagy is unknown. learn more One suggested mechanism is its ability to activate TFEB (transcription factor EB), the master transcriptional regulator of autophagy-lysosomal biogenesis. Here we describe a potential mechanism involving direct trehalose action on the lysosome. We find trehalose is endocytically rapamycin kinase complex 1; pMAC peritoneal macrophages; SLC2A8/GLUT8 solute carrier family 2, (facilitated glucose transporter), member 8; TFEB transcription factor EB; TMR tetramethylrhodamine; TREH trehalase.During the first half of the 20th century, extraordinary high jumping performances of East-African athletes were observed. These athletes used a specific native jumping style called Gusimbuka Urukiramende. Eye-witnesses believed that these performances could have been world-records and that these athletes could have competed at the Olympics. However, these athletes never participated in international competitions and there is no other proof to support these performance claims. We have analysed historical photos and cine sequences of these jumps, documented the movement analysis of this technique, quantified performance and compared it to contemporaneous elite performances. Our analyses demonstrate that Gusimbuka Urukiramende athletes did not jump as high as the world record. Nevertheless, even though they used a suboptimal jump technique (because they had to lift their bodies higher to cross the bar) they could cross bar heights of 188 cm or 106% body height and as such their performance still was worthy of participation to the Olympics.While the role of emotion in autobiographical memory (ABM) is acknowledged in some models, its specific effects are blurred by narrow approaches towards emotion that are often limited to a distinction between intensity and valence. After presenting a critical review of the role assigned to emotion for the development of ABM, this paper surveys current perspectives which encourage a broader approach to emotion in the development of ABM. Research on Flashbulb memories provides an important context where the role of emotion has been the most extensively investigated. This paper makes three important recommendations for future research, which are to (1) provide an assessment of emotional responses that includes appraisals, action tendencies, bodily sensations, and emotion intensity; (2) investigate the role of specific emotional states; and (3) adopt systematically a multi-component approach of ABM measurement, which takes accuracy, consistency, vividness, degree of details, and confidence into account.Past research suggests that depressed individuals are less likely than non-depressed individuals to engage in mood-incongruent recall in response to negative mood and do not experience associated mood reparative effects. The present study examined the effects of adopting a reflective versus ruminative self-focus orientation towards one's mood on the valence of autobiographical memories recalled following a negative mood induction and the extent of mood repair following memory recall among individuals with varying depressive symptomatology. Participants underwent a negative mood induction and either a ruminative (n = 69) or reflective (n = 49) self-focus manipulation, and then recalled five specific autobiographical memories. Depression symptoms were associated with recall of less positive memories and reduced mood repair. The valence of recalled memories was associated with the extent of mood improvement, and depressive symptoms did not moderate this association. Contrary to our hypothesis, a reflective self-focus was not associated with recall of more positive memories or greater mood improvement than a ruminative self-focus. The results suggest that more depressed individuals are less likely to spontaneously engage in mood-incongruent recall in a negative mood state; however, recall of positive memories is associated with similar mood reparative effects regardless of depressive symptomatology.
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