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Patients hospitalized for heart failure (HF) exacerbation tend to have a poor prognosis. Most previous studies were performed in large clinical centers and detailed analyses of patients with HF hospitalized in district general hospitals are lacking.

The aim of this study was to assess the outcomes of patients admitted with HF exacerbation to a district general hospital.

We retrospectively enrolled patients hospitalized for HF exacerbation in the years 2010 to 2011 (191 patients) and 2016 to 2017 (203 patients). The primary and secondary endpoints were all‑cause mortality and rehospitalization due to HF exacerbation, respectively, within a 2‑year follow‑up.

Compared with patients hospitalized from 2010 to 2011, those hospitalized from 2016 to 2017 had more favorable clinical parameters and more appropriate pharmacological treatment; however, the rate of implantable cardioverter‑defibrillator and resynchronization device use remained low. The overall mortality decreased from 44% between 2010 and 2011 tow rate of implantable electronic device use and a high rate of rehospitalizations due to HF exacerbation, which needs further elucidation.
Transcatheter closure has become an effective and safe method to repair ventricular septal defects (VSDs). However, the devices used for VSD closure in the past frequently led to serious complications, such as complete atrioventricular block. The second‑generation device, the Amplatzer Duct Occluder (ADO II), was originally designed to block small‑ and medium‑sized patent ductus arteriosus. Interestingly, there are some reports of the use of the ADO II to close VSD because of less complications.

A meta‑analysis of the literature was performed to systematically investigate the efficacy and safety of the ADO II for VSD closure.

The Embase, PubMed, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases were searched for original studies on VSD closure with the ADO II up to March 15, 2020. The random‑effects model and summary rate were employed to estimate the success and complications of VSD closure with the ADO II.

A total of 13 articles comprising 478 patients with VSD were included. The age of the patients ranged from 0.5 to 55.7 years. The overall estimated device‑implantation success rate was 99% (95% CI, 98%-100%). Residual shunts (pooled rate, 4%; 95% CI, 1%-7%) and postoperative aortic valve regurgitation (pooled rate, 0%; 95% CI, 0-1%) were common complications. Only 3 patients developed device embolism.

The ADO II may be a safer and more effective transcatheter closure device for patients with VSD due to its higher success rate and lower complication rate, as compared with other devices.
The ADO II may be a safer and more effective transcatheter closure device for patients with VSD due to its higher success rate and lower complication rate, as compared with other devices.
the Italian Epidemiological Association (AIE) intends to formulate assessments and recommendations on the most relevant and critical aspects in the preparation, conduct, and interpretation of epidemiological investigations on the health effects of exposure to asbestos and asbestos-like fibres.

the document was prepared by a working group of AIE associates, with a broad curriculum of epidemiological investigations, starting from the evaluation of scientific evidence, and was subsequently evaluated by the AIE governing body.

the topics covered included • consumption and presence of asbestos; • association between asbestos exposure and disease; • epidemiological surveillance of asbestos related diseases in Italy; • risk function for asbestos related diseases; • increased risk and anticipation of the disease; • interaction between asbestos and other carcinogens; • diagnosis in epidemiological studies; • assessment of exposure to asbestos; • epidemiological evidence on asbestos related diseases.

the document ends with a summary of the conclusions of scientific research shared by AIE, with reflection on the methodology to be followed for the application at individual level of the results of epidemiological studies, and the proposal of themes on which to direct research.
the document ends with a summary of the conclusions of scientific research shared by AIE, with reflection on the methodology to be followed for the application at individual level of the results of epidemiological studies, and the proposal of themes on which to direct research.
Uncontrolled cryoablation of tissues is a strong reason limiting the wide application of cryosurgery and cryotherapy due to the certain risks of unpredicted damaging of healthy tissues. The existing guiding techniques are unable to be applied in situ or provide insufficient spatial resolution. Terahertz (THz) pulsed spectroscopy (TPS) based on sensitivity of THz time-domain signal to changes of tissue properties caused by freezing could form the basis of an instrument for observation of the ice ball formation.

The ability of TPS for in situ monitoring of tissue freezing depth is studied experimentally.

A THz pulsed spectrometer operated in reflection mode and equipped with a cooled sample holder and ex vivo samples of bovine visceral adipose tissue is applied. Signal spectrograms are used to analyze the changes of THz time-domain signals caused by the interface between frozen and unfrozen tissue parts.

Experimental observation of TPS signals reflected from freezing tissue demonstrates the feasibility of TPS to detect ice ball formation up to 657-μm depth.

TPS could become the promising instrument for in situ control of cryoablation, enabling observation of the freezing front propagation, which could find applications in various fields of oncology, regenerative medicine, and THz biophotonics.
TPS could become the promising instrument for in situ control of cryoablation, enabling observation of the freezing front propagation, which could find applications in various fields of oncology, regenerative medicine, and THz biophotonics.Humoral immunity plays a substantial role in the suppression of breast cancer. We have revealed that a high serum concentration of anti-HER2 autoantibody (HER2-AAb) is associated with favorable outcomes in patients with invasive breast cancer. Thus, we aimed to clarify the association between high serum concentration of HER2-AAb and humoral immune response in the tumor microenvironment. Out of 500 consecutive patients with invasive breast cancer, we selected those whose HER2-AAb values were high (n = 33) or low (n = 20) based on the distribution of HER2-AAb values of 100 healthy individuals. Tumor and regional lymph node formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples prepared from the surgical specimens were subjected to immunohistochemistry. We confirmed that the recurrence-free survival of the high HER2-AAb group was significantly longer than that of the low HER2-AAb group (p = 0.015). selleck compound The numbers of tumor-infiltrating CD20+ immune cells (ICs) (p less then 0.001), IGKC+ICs (p = 0.023), and CXCL13+ ICs (p = 0.044) were significantly higher in the high HER2-AAb group than in the low HER2-AAb group.
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