Notes

Electromicrobiology: the actual ecophysiology involving phylogenetically various electroactive organisms.
This case indicates that planed subtotal resection followed by GKRS with a proper marginal dose could be a good treatment strategy for CG. Copyright © 2020 Chen, Zhang, Pan, Sun and Bian.Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in females worldwide. Estimates from the World Health Organization (WHO) International Agency for Research on Cancer, suggest that globally, there were around 2.1 million new breast cancer cases and 627,000 deaths due to breast cancer in 2018. Among the subtypes of breast cancer, triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive and carries the poorest prognosis, largest recurrence, and lowest survival rate. Major treatment options for TNBC patients are mainly constrained to chemotherapy, which can be accompanied by severe side effects. Therefore, development of novel and effective anti-cancer drugs for the treatment of TNBC are urgently required. Centipeda minima is a well-known traditional Chinese herbal medicine that has historically been used to treat rhinitis, sinusitis, relieve pain, and reduce swelling. Recent studies have shown that Centipeda minima exhibited efficacy against certain cancers, however, to date, no studies have been conducted on its effects in breast cancer. Here, we aimed to investigate the anti-cancer activity of the total extract of Centipeda minima (CME), and its underlying mechanism, in TNBC. In MDA-MB-231, we found that CME could significantly reduce cell viability and proliferation, induce apoptosis and inhibit cancer cell migration and invasion, in a dose and time-dependent manner. We showed that CME may potentially act via inhibition of multiple signaling pathways, including the EGFR, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, NF-κB, and STAT3 pathways. Treatment with CME also led to in vitro downregulation of MMP-9 activity and inhibition of metastasis. Further, we demonstrated that CME could significantly reduce tumor burden in MDA-MB-231 xenograft mice, without any appreciable side effects. Based on our findings, CME is a promising candidate for development as a therapeutic with high efficacy against TNBC. Copyright © 2020 Lee, Chan, Wong, Qu, Chan, Leung, Lin, Mok, Chen and Tai.Background Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML) is a rare myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasm diagnosed in young children, characterized by somatic or germline mutations that lead to hyperactive RAS signaling. The only curative option is hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Recent data showing that aberrant DNA methylation plays a significant role in pathogenesis and correlates with clinical risk suggest a possible benefit of hypomethylating agents (HMA) in JMML treatment. Aim The aim is to report the results of HMA-based therapy with 5-azacytidine (AZA) in three JMML patients treated in a single center, non-participating in EWOG-MDS study. Methods The diagnosis and treatment response were evaluated according to international consensus criteria. AZA 75 mg/m2 intravenous (i.v.) was administered once daily on days 1-7 of each 28-day cycle. All patients were monitored for hematologic response, spleen size, and evolution of extramedullary disease. Targeted next generation sequencing (NGS) we and genetic complete response before HSCT. During 22 cycles of AZA there were only four adverse events but only one determined dose reduction and treatment delay. Conclusion Our data show that AZA monotherapy is safe and effective in controlling disease both in upfront and relapsed patients in order to proceed to HSCT. Copyright © 2020 Marcu, Colita, Radu, Jercan, Bica, Asan, Coriu, Tanase, Diaconu, Mambet, Botezatu, Pasca, Teodorescu, Anton, Gurban and Colita.[This corrects the article DOI 10.3389/fonc.2020.00148.]. Copyright © 2020 Zheng, Zhong, Yu, Lei and Yang.Iron is an essential nutrient that plays a complex role in cancer biology. Iron metabolism must be tightly controlled within cells. Whilst fundamental to many cellular processes and required for cell survival, excess labile iron is toxic to cells. Increased iron metabolism is associated with malignant transformation, cancer progression, drug resistance and immune evasion. Depleting intracellular iron stores, either with the use of iron chelating agents or mimicking endogenous regulation mechanisms, such as microRNAs, present attractive therapeutic opportunities, some of which are currently under clinical investigation. Alternatively, iron overload can result in a form of regulated cell death, ferroptosis, which can be activated in cancer cells presenting an alternative anti-cancer strategy. This review focuses on alterations in iron metabolism that enable cancer cells to meet metabolic demands required during different stages of tumorigenesis in relation to metastasis and immune response. The strength of current evidence is considered, gaps in knowledge are highlighted and controversies relating to the role of iron and therapeutic targeting potential are discussed. The key question we address within this review is whether iron modulation represents a useful approach for treating metastatic disease and whether it could be employed in combination with existing targeted drugs and immune-based therapies to enhance their efficacy. Copyright © 2020 Brown, Richardson, Kabir, Trinder, Ganss and Leedman.Background To compare the diagnostic performance of radiomics models with that of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) perfusion parameters for the preoperative prediction of extramural venous invasion (EMVI) in rectal cancer patients and to develop a preoperative nomogram for predicting the EMVI status. Methods In total, 106 rectal cancer patients were enrolled in our study. All patients under went preoperative rectal high-resolution MRI and DCE-MRI. We built five models based on the perfusion parameters of DCE-MRI (quantitative model), the radiomics of T2-weighted (T2W) CUBE imaging (R1 model), DCE-MRI (R2 model), clinical features (clinical model), and clinical-radiomics features. The predictive efficacy of the radiomics signature was assessed and internally verified. The area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) was used to compare the diagnostic performance of different radiomics models and DCE-MRI quantitative parameters. The radiomics score and clinical-pathologic risk facr patients. Copyright © 2020 Yu, Song, Guo, Liu, Zhang, He, Song, Zhou and Liu.Objective To explore a new predictive model of lymphatic vascular infiltration (LVI) in rectal cancer based on magnetic resonance (MR) and computed tomography (CT). Methods A retrospective study was conducted on 94 patients with histologically confirmed rectal cancer, they were randomly divided into training cohort (n = 65) and validation cohort (n = 29). All patients underwent MR and CT examination within 2 weeks before treatment. On each slice of the tumor, we delineated the volume of interest on T2-weighted imaging, diffusion weighted imaging, and enhanced CT images, respectively. A total of 1,188 radiological features were extracted from each patient. Then, we used the student t-test or Mann-Whitney U-test, Spearman's rank correlation and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) algorithm to select the strongest features to establish a single and multimodal logic model for predicting LVI. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and calibration curves were plotted to determine how well they explored LVI prediction performance in the training and validation cohorts. Results An optimal multi-mode radiology nomogram for LVI estimation was established, which had significant predictive power in training (AUC, 0.884; 95% CI, 0.803-0.964) and validation (AUC, 0.876; 95% CI, 0.721-1.000). Calibration curve and decision curve analysis showed that the multimodal radiomics model provides greater clinical benefits. Conclusion Multimodal (MR/CT) radiomics models can serve as an effective visual prognostic tool for predicting LVI in rectal cancer. It demonstrated great potential of preoperative prediction to improve treatment decisions. Copyright © 2020 Zhang, He, Guo, Liu, Yang, Zhang, Xie, Mu, Guo, Fu and Zhang.Objective To investigate the effect of anatomic and technical parameters on the incidental internal mammary lymph node (IMN) irradiation (IIMNI) dose among postmastectomy patients. Methods We retrospectively delineated the IMN on planning CT images from 138 patients who had undergone postmastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT). We analyzed the IIMNI dose coverage and its relationship with anatomic and technical parameters. Results The IIMNI mean dose was 32.85 ± 9.49 Gy, and 10 of 138 patients (7.25%) treated with PMRT received ≥45 Gy. In univariate analysis, the body weight, body mass index, body surface area, thoracic transverse diameter (DT), ratio of DT to the thoracic anteroposterior diameter (DAP)(RT/AP), planning target volume of IMN (PTVIMN) included in PTV (IMNin) and the ratio of IMNin to PTVIMN (RIMNin) and PTV posterior border were the parameters affecting IIMNI dose. In multivariate analysis, body weight, RT/AP, and RIMNin were correlative factors that affected IIMNI dose. Conclusions For patients who underwent PMRT without IMN irradiation (IMNI), there was a wide variety in IIMNI doses. A minority of patients had adequate IIMNI dose coverage, and the higher IIMNI doses were associated with the less body weights and more RIMNin. Copyright © 2020 Wang, Wang, Qiu, Sun, Zhang, Shao, Xu, Liu and Li.RNA sequencing (RNAseq) is one of the most commonly used techniques in life sciences, and has been widely used in cancer research, drug development, and cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Driven by various biological and technical questions, the techniques of RNAseq have progressed rapidly from bulk RNAseq, laser-captured micro-dissected RNAseq, and single-cell RNAseq to digital spatial RNA profiling, spatial transcriptomics, and direct in situ sequencing. These different technologies have their unique strengths, weaknesses, and suitable applications in the field of clinical oncology. To guide cancer researchers to select the most appropriate RNAseq technique for their biological questions, we will discuss each of these technologies, technical features, and clinical applications in cancer. We will help cancer researchers to understand the key differences of these RNAseq technologies and their optimal applications. Copyright © 2020 Wang, Mashock, Tong, Mu, Chen, Zhou, Zhang, Zhao, Liu and Li.NH 4 + increased growth rates and final densities of several human metastatic cancer cells. To assess whether glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) in cancer cells may catalyze the reverse reaction of NH 4 + fixation, its covalent regulation and kinetic parameters were determined under near-physiological conditions. BLU-554 in vitro Increased total protein and phosphorylation were attained in NH 4 + -supplemented metastatic cells, but total cell GDH activity was unchanged. Higher V max values for the GDH reverse reaction vs. forward reaction in both isolated hepatoma (HepM) and liver mitochondria [rat liver mitochondria (RLM)] favored an NH 4 + -fixing role. GDH sigmoidal kinetics with NH 4 + , ADP, and leucine fitted to Hill equation showed n H values of 2 to 3. However, the K 0.5 values for NH 4 + were over 20 mM, questioning the physiological relevance of the GDH reverse reaction, because intracellular NH 4 + in tumors is 1 to 5 mM. In contrast, data fitting to the Monod-Wyman-Changeux (MWC) model revealed lower K m values for NH 4 + , of 6 to 12 mM.
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