Notes

Genetically modified crops provide greater benefits than weeds

The wild plants may possess the advantage of resistance to herbicides.

Credit: Xiao Yang
One of the most common methods used to make crops more resistant to herbicides was shown to be superior over weedy forms of rice. This suggests that these modifications may affect the natural environment beyond farms.

A variety of varieties of crops are genetically modified to be resistive to the glyphosate. ラウンドアップ Roundup was the first herbicide that was marketed. Farmers can get rid of weeds in their fields using glyphosate, without harming their crops by having this resistance.

Glyphosate prevents plant growth by blocking EPSP synthase (an enzyme that is involved in the creation of certain amino acids and various other molecules). This enzyme could comprise as much as 35 percent or more of a plant’s total mass. Genetic modification, which is used by Monsanto's Roundup Ready crops, which are based in St Louis (Missouri), generally involves inserting genes into the DNA of the crop to increase EPSP synthase production. The genes typically come from bacteria that have infected the plant.

The added EPSP synthase allows the plant to withstand the effects of glyphosate. Biotechnology labs tried to use plant genes to boost EPSP synthase production. This was partly to take advantage of a loophole in US law that permits the regulatory approval of transgenes contained in organisms that are not derived from pests caused by bacteria.

ラウンドアップ A few studies have looked into the possibility that transgenes like glyphosate-resistant genes could -- after introduction to wild or weedy plants by cross-pollination -- make these plants more competitive in reproduction, survival and growth. Norman Ellstrand is a University of California Riverside plant geneticist. "The assumption is that any kind of transgene can cause disadvantage in the wild, in the absence of pressure to select, since it could reduce fitness," Ellstrand said.

Lu Baorong of Fudan University in Shanghai is currently challenging this view. The study demonstrates that glyphosate resistance , even when it is not applied to an weedy variety of the rice crop can give a significant health benefit.

In their study, published this month in New Phytologist 1, Lu and his colleagues genetically modified the rice cultivar to enhance the species' own EPSP synthase and cross-bred the altered rice with a weedy relative.

The team then allowed cross-breeding offspring to be bred with each other to produce second-generation hybrids. They were genetically identical with the exception of the copy count and number of the EPSP synthase gene. As expected, those with more copies expressed higher levels of the enzyme and produced more of the amino acid tryptophan than the unmodified ones.

https://www.amazon.co.jp/%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A6%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E3%82%A2%E3%83%83%E3%83%97/s?k=%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A6%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E3%82%A2%E3%83%83%E3%83%97 Researchers also found that transgenics had higher rates, more flowers, and 48-125percent more seeds/plant than nontransgenics.

Lu suggests that making the weedy rice more competitive could make the problem worse for the farmers around the world who's fields are being infested by the pest.

ラウンドアップ https://search.yahoo.co.jp/video/search?rkf=2&ei=UTF-8&fr=wsr_gvu&p=%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A6%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E3%82%A2%E3%83%83%E3%83%97 Brian Ford-Lloyd from the University of Birmingham, UK Brian Ford-Lloyd from the University of Birmingham, UK "If the EPSP synthase gene is introduced to wild rice species their genetic diversity that was so important for conserving, could be at risk because it could beat out the conventional varieties." "This is an example of the highly plausible negative consequences [of GM plantson our surroundings."

The study also challenges the public perception that genetically modified crops carrying extra copies of their genes are more secure than the ones that have genes from microorganisms. "Our study shows that this is not necessarily the case," Lu says. Lu.

According to some researchers this research suggests that the future regulation of genetically engineered crops needs to be reconsidered. "Some individuals are suggesting that biosafety regulations are eased because we've reached an incredibly high level of confidence with two years of genetic engineering" Ellstrand says. The study found that any new products must be evaluated carefully.


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