Notes

Benefits of genetically modified plants over the weeds

Plants in the wild could be treated with herbicides.

Credit Xiao Yang
A common method of genetic modification employed to make crops resistant to herbicides has been shown to have advantages over the weedy varieties of rice. The finding suggests that the benefits of this modification have the potential to extend beyond farms and into the wild.

A variety of crop varieties have been genetically altered in order to resist glyphosate. This herbicide was first offered under the trade name Roundup. This resistance to glyphosate allows farmers to eradicate the majority of weeds from the fields without harming their crop.

Glyphosate is a deterrent to the growth of plants. ラウンドアップ It blocks an enzyme known EPSP synthase. This enzyme plays a role in the creation of specific amino acids as well as other molecules. These compounds can make up as much as 35% of a plant's mass. Genetic modification, like the Roundup Ready crops manufactured by Monsanto in St. Louis, Missouri, involves inserting genes into a plant's genetic code in order to increase EPSP production. ラウンドアップ Genes are typically derived usually from bacteria that infects plants.

https://www.homemaking.jp/products/detail.php?product_id=161819 The extra EPSP synase allows for plants to counter the effects of glyphosate. https://pesticide.maff.go.jp/agricultural-chemicals/details/14360 Biotechnology laboratories are trying to make use of genes that come from plants instead of bacteria to increase EPSP synthase. This is due to the fact that the US law allows approval by the regulatory authorities to allow organisms with transgenes to be recognized as acceptable.

Few studies have explored the possibility that transgenes that confer glyphosate tolerance could -- after they are weedy or become wild relatives through cross-pollinatingenhance the plant's survival and reproduce. Norman Ellstrand of University of California Riverside declares, "The conventional expectation is that any transgene found in the wild could be detrimental if there's no selection pressure because the extra machinery could lower the fitness."

Lu Baorong from Fudan University in Shanghai is now challenging that view. The study shows that glyphosate resistance , even when it is not applied to a weedy type of rice crop can give a significant health benefit.

Lu and his coworkers genetically modified the cultivated Rice species to express its EPSP synthase. ラウンドアップ They then crossed-bred it with the plant that was weedy.

The researchers then allowed the hybrid offspring of crossbreds to reproduce with each other, resulting in second-generation hybrids that were genetically identical to one another except in the amount of copies of the gene that encodes EPSP synthase. It was expected that those with more copies of the gene had more enzyme activity and an increased amount of amino acid tryptophan in comparison to their unmodified counterparts.

Researchers also discovered that transgenic hybrids were photogenic, had more seeds per plant and yielded 48-125 percent more seeds than varieties that were not transgenic.

Lu believes that making rice that is weedy more competitive may increase the risk for farmers across the world who's fields are being ravaged by the pest.

"If the EPSP-synthase gene is introduced in the wild rice species their genetic diversity, which is really vital to preserve may be at risk as the transgene's genetic make-up will outcompete the normal species," Brian Ford-Lloyd who is a plant geneticist at the University of Birmingham, UK. "This is among the most evident examples of highly plausible harmful effects of GM crops] upon the environment."

The belief of the public that genetically modified crops containing additional copies of their genes are more secure is disproved by this research. "Our study suggests that this isn't necessarily the case" Lu says. ラウンドアップ Lu.

Researchers believe this discovery calls for a reconsideration of the regulation for genetically modified crops. "Some individuals are suggesting that biosafety regulations can be relaxed because we have an extremely high level of satisfaction with two years of genetic engineering" Ellstrand says. "But, the study showed that new products require careful analysis."

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