Notes

-Krakatoa was a volcanic island located in the Sunda strait between the islands of java and Sumatra in the Indonesian province of lampung

-the inhabitants of the northern part of the Sunda country to the mountain Rajabasa were drowned and swept away with all property

-Krakatoa, or Krakatau Indonesian Krakatau, is a volcanic island situated in the Sunda Strait between the islands of Java and Sumatra in the Indonesian province of Lampung. The name is also used for the surrounding island group comprising the remnants of a much larger island of three volcanic peaks which was obliterated in a cataclysmic 1883 eruption, unleashing huge tsunamis killing more than 36,000 people and destroying over twothirds of the island. The explosion is considered to be the loudest sound ever heard in modern history, with reports of it being heard up to 3,000 miles 4,800 km from its point of origin. The shock waves from the explosion were recorded on barographs worldwide for days afterward.

In 1927 a new island, Anak Krakatau, or Child of Krakatoa, emerged from the caldera formed in 1883 and is the current location of eruptive activity.

The most notable eruptions of Krakatoa culminated in a series of massive explosions over August 26 27, 1883, which were among the most violent volcanic events in recorded history.

With an estimated Volcanic Explosivity Index of 6, the eruption was equivalent to 200 megatons of TNT 840 PJ about 13,000 times the nuclear yield of the Little Boy bomb 13 to 16 kt that devastated Hiroshima, Japan, during World War II, and four times the yield of Tsar Bomba 50 Mt, the most powerful nuclear device ever detonated.

The 1883 eruption ejected approximately 25 km3 6 cubic miles of rock. The cataclysmic explosion was heard 4,800 km 3,000 mi away in Alice Springs, as well as on the island of Rodrigues near Mauritius, 4,653 km 2,891 mi to the west.

According to the official records of the Dutch East Indies colony, 165 villages and towns were destroyed near Krakatoa, and 132 were seriously damaged. At least 36,417 people died, and many more thousands were injured, mostly from the tsunamis that followed the explosion. The eruption destroyed two-thirds of the island of Krakatoa.

Eruptions in the area since 1927 have built a new island at the same location, named Anak Krakatau which is Indonesian for Child of Krakatoa. Periodic eruptions have continued since, with recent eruptions in 2009, 2010, 2011, and 2012. As of late 2011, this island has a radius of roughly 2 kilometres 1.2 mi, and a high point of about 324 metres 1,063 ft above sea level, growing 5 metres 16 ft each year.

Etymology
Although there are earlier descriptions of an island in the Sunda Strait with a pointed mountain, the earliest mention of Krakatoa by name in the western world was on a 1611 map by Lucas Janszoon Waghenaer, who labelled the island Pulo Carcat pulo is the Sundanese word for island. About two dozen variants have been found, including Crackatouw, Cracatoa, and Krakatao in an older Portuguese-based spelling. The first known appearance of the spelling Krakatau was by Wouter Schouten, who passed by the high tree-covered island of Krakatau in October 1658.

The origin of the Indonesian name Krakatau is uncertain.