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MISSISSIPPIANS
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Animists -
Social Class of Mississippians
Chief called the Great Sun - ruled each large town
Priests & Nobles
Commoners
Slaves
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Great Sun - The Chief
The Elite - Sub-Chiefs and Priests
Leaders - Heads of Clans and Communities
The Masses/Commons - Warriors, Workers, and Craftsmen
Slaves
Society is still patriarchal. The lineage is matrilineal. Social standing determined by the woman's side of the family/when the Great Sun died, the title passed onto his sister's son and not his own.
TOLTEC
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Located in Mesoamerica around 950.
Ruled by a warrior aristocracy. (Warriors at the top vs the Mississippian warriors among the Mississippian commoners ) (Aristocracy - Back to the greeks, wealthy land owners that had power - these land owners were also military leaders)
Religion borrowed from Mayans, the cult of Quetzalcoatl
Borrowed many things from the Mayans
AZTECS
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Tenochtitlan, their capital on the area of what is now Mexico City.
Geography utilized for protection and defense - Surrounded by water.
Grew to almost 200,000 people, one of the largest cities in the world, with the Great pyramid at its center.
Built floating gardens called 'chinampas'.....
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Drained the lake for more land, but didn't use wheeled vehicles and had no pack animals, everything was done by hand.
Developed a Tribute System that ensured dominance in the short-run.
Grouped the city-states into provinces with warriors and their families to each province's capital to ensure they were under Aztec control
Theocracy, at the top an emperor known as the Great Speaker
Nobles owned all land
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religion
Worshiped hundreds of deities, many had both male and female aspects.
The Gods sacrificed themselves to save the world = people must sacrifice to repay
Aztecs based on Spanish accounts, they may have been exaggerated the extent of human sacrifice.
Adopted a 365-day calendar and used established trade networks for developed by the Maya
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