Notes

1
st
when the A.C. is supplied to thetransformer, it steps down the 230V mainsupply to 6 volts. It has a capability of delivering acurrent of 500mA. The 6 volts A.C. appearingacross the secondary is the RMS value and thepeak value is 8.4 volts. During the 1
st
half cycle of the A.C. input Diode D
1
is forward biased and acurrent
‘I’ flows in
the circuit in the directionS
1
D
1
ABEOS
1
. During this time diode D
2
isreverse biased. So it does not conduct anyelectric current. During the next half cycle the diodeD2 is forward and D1 is reversed. Hence D
2
conducts current in the directionS
2
D
2
ABEOS
2
and D
1
does not conduct any current.In subsequent half cycles of the A.C current the above processes are repeated. In both the half cycles it is clear that current flows through theresistor in only one direction ABE. Even though thevoltage across RL is unidirectional it will stillcontain a few A.C components. This is filtered


and made smooth using a capacitor, whichfilters 99% of the A.C current. A resistor is thenused to adjust the output voltage. Capacitor also nearly filters all A.C components from thesupply and resistance is adjusted for therequired output. As this is a simple circuit,only one capacitor and a resistance are beingused. But there will be slight factor of A.C.current still left in the output but it isnegligible. The output Direct Current and voltagelight up the LED.
RECTIFIED D.C. VOLTAGE