Notes

The objective was to attenuate the immune response with or without a booster immunization;
specifically, the effects of booster interval, dose of PGF-human serum albumin (HSA) conjugate at booster, adjuvant type, or single immunization with one or two adjuvants were examined. Three experiments were conducted using 175 cyclic heifers. Plasma PGF antibody titers were measured every 2 wk and progesterone concentrations every 3 to 4 d. In Exp. 1, single immunization with one adjuvant (3.3 mg of PGF-HSA in either DEAE-dextran [DEAE] or non-ulcerative Freund's adjuvant [NUFA]; or 10.

0 mg of PGF-HSA in NUFA) did not induce sufficient antibody titers to consistently induce persistent corpora lutea (CL). Booster intervals of either 14, 21, or 28 d increased titers sufficiently to induce persistent CL (34/35 heifers), but ADG of heifers was less (P < .05) than for those given a single immunization. In Exp. 2, 1.0 mg of conjugate for booster immunization induced a greater (P < .05) immune response than 3.

3 mg, and both doses decreased (P < .05) ADG. Single immunization, with half the conjugate dose in DEAE and half in NUFA injected separately, induced persistent CL in 7/8 heifers without decreasing ADG compared with controls. In Exp. 3, single immunization, with half the conjugate dose in DEAE and half in NUFA injected separately, prolonged (P < .05) the intervals to peak titer compared with the booster treatment, but the incidence (13/15 vs 8/8) and duration (120 +/- 4.8 vs 111 +/- 7.

9 d) of persistent CL were similar, and ADG was greater (P < .05). In benefits vitamin d3 , attempts to attenuate the immune response following booster immunization were unsuccessful. Single immunization, using two adjuvants separately, induced persistent CL for at least 120 d without decreasing ADG compared with the primary and booster regimen.heart allografts in rats presensitized with donor blood.grafting led to accelerated rejection of WAG/Rij hearts in 5 days (normal, 8 to 9 days) and of (WAG/Rij X BN)F1 hearts in 7 to 11 days (normal, 9 to 11 days). Preimmunization with mixtures of 1 ml of WAG/Rij blood and 0.

25 ml of BN anti-WAG/Rij serum (antidonor serum) prevented the accelerated rejection in the WAG/Rij to BN combination and even led to prolonged graft survival. However, using the (WAG/Rij X BN)F1 as donor, this pretreatment led to accelerated rejection as well as prolonged graft survival. Preimmunization of BN recipients with 1 ml of WAG/Rij blood and antigen-antibody (Ag-Ab) complexes gave more consistent results; WAG/Rij hearts were normally rejected, whereas (WAG/Rij X BN)F1 grafts survived for 13 to 16 days. Treatment of preimmunized BN rats with antidonor serum or Ag-Ab complexes after grafting did not abolish the effect of sensitization in the WAG/Rij leads to BN combination. In the (WAG/Rij X BN)F1 to BN combination, these treatments resulted in graft survival times of 4 to 13 and 11 to greater than 50 days, respectively. In most experimental groups, Ag-Ab complexes were more potent as an immunoregulatory agent than was antidonor serum.secondary IgG response in chickens.

vitamin d3 benefits and clinical studies].Controllo epidemiologico e clinico.spleen and kidney necrosis virus in mandarin fish.disease which brings substantial economic losses to the mandarin fish culture SWCNTs-based immersion subunit vaccine (SWCNTs-M-MCP) which as a promising vaccine against ISKNV. Mandarin fish were vaccinated by immersion, then we designed an orthogonal experiment to optimize different parameters affecting vaccination such as immune duration of bath immunization, immune dose, and fish density when immunized. Our results showed that the highest relative percent survival (86.7%) was found in the group 6 with 8 h of immune duration, 20 mg/L of immune dose, and 8 fish per liter of fish density.

And other immune responses (serum antibody production, enzyme activities, and immune-related genes expression) also demonstrated similar results. In addition, the expression of IRF-I in group 6 (8 h, 20 mg/L, 8 fish per liter) was significant extents, and about 16-folds increases were obtained than the control group at 21 d post-vaccination. And the highest specific antibody response was significantly increased (more than 4-folds) than control group which was found in group 6. The optimum immune duration, immune dose, and fish density of SWCNTs-M-MCP were 8 h, 20 mg/L, 8 fish per liter, respectively.
Homepage: http://allinno.com/product/vitamin/87.html