Notes

Ideas, Formulas And Shortcuts For News
The quality of the coverage for every topic was judged to be significantly lower in communities with weak news environments. Our newspapers span across the country and are published in over 35 major cities and towns, and also have regional editions of the same in multiple local languages. A study by Columbia University’s Tow Center for Digital Journalism concluded, for example, that community licensees have generally been more innovative and responsive than university licensees or those that are part of a government agency.64Shapiro, Fuerst, and Porter, “The Growing Strength of Public Media Local Journalism.” Nevertheless, any allocation formula that doesn’t take communities’ information deficit into account ignores the risk that attends the decline of local news. Less affluent rural areas have been the locations hardest hit by the decline of local newspapers31Kristen Purcell, Lee Rainie, Amy Mitchell, Tom Rosenstiel, and Kenneth Olmstead, “How people use the news and feel about the news,” Pew Research Center. Elizabeth Grieco, “Americans’ main sources for political news vary by party and age,” Pew Research Center, April 2020, https://www. Since the beginning of the Republic, the local newspaper has been the main source of community news. But the podcast space is increasingly crowded, and the audience distribution is beginning to resemble that of national news websites. Large private gifts and local and national foundations each accounted for 5 percent or less. MacArthur, Knight, Ford, Sloan, Pew, Hewlitt, and the Carnegie Corporation are among the foundations that have generously supported public radio, although most of this support has gone to leading stations to make them models for other stations and enable them to produce programs for airing across the public radio system.68Barbara Cochran, “Rethinking Public Media.” The more pressing need now is funding for stations that serve communities where local news is in short supply.

In some ways, local stations are well-positioned to be part of the solution. As one respondent noted, “We are known to “punch above our weight.” That’s a strong argument for investing in local public radio. He is the author of numerous books and articles, including Informing the News: The Need for Knowledge-Based Journalism and How America Lost Its Mind: The Assault on Reason That’s Crippling Our Democracy. Given their stake in the quality of democracy in information-poor communities, national and regional foundations also need to be part of the solution. Democracy is imperiled when local news dies. A journalism-heavy strategy is an imperative for most local public radio stations. Table 1a shows the eight topics that respondents saw as having the strongest coverage. The large share of public-affairs content on local stations is produced by NPR, PRX, PRI, and other providers and centers on national and international affairs.

Local stations compete with other outlets for people’s attention, which requires an outreach strategy. Funding should go disproportionately to the most promising stations in communities that have lost their daily newspaper or where it is being hollowed out. Each course includes recorded lectures, handouts, activities, and more. Even in the case of non-local foundations, which ranked above non-local corporate underwriting and non-local major private donors as a potential funding source, only 10 percent of respondents saw them as a “very likely” source. A large infusion of funding would strengthen local public radio stations. A broader look at the challenge facing stations in “hard places” is gained by looking at stations’ funding models. A station’s contribution to a community’s information needs rests on both the quality of its coverage and the scope of its audience. To assess that question, we asked respondents about their stations’ constituencies. For stations with an interest in new funding, we asked respondents to project the funding’s impact. Q31. On an average weekday, roughly how many hours of your over-the-air news/ public affairs programming is locally produced, as opposed to being produced by NPR, PRI, APM, BBC or other such source? (Include repeated local content in total number of daily hours.

The podcast audience has grown exponentially, and local stations are being drawn to them to grow their audience. Shorter grasses, which contain higher levels of protein, sodium, calcium and phosphorus, are healthier for the wildebeest. Q11. Thinking in terms of all local news outlets in your area except your own, which statement best describes the local news environment? Thirty-six states currently provide some funding for public broadcasting.66“How much do public broadcasters receive in state funding? Nevertheless, the numbers indicate that the news staff at most stations is not a microcosm of the local community. There are roughly 250 such stations, which operate more than 1,000 station signals nationwide.19Shapiro, Fuerst, and Porter, “The Growing Strength of Public Media Local Journalism.” For our survey, we omitted the station in Guam and contacted only one station in cases where the same administrative and reporting staff manage more than one member station. A relatively small percentage of podcasts are capturing a huge share of the podcast audience with most of the rest attracting few listeners. Small donors provide another example. They are also committed to expanding their efforts.36As indicated earlier, our survey found that roughly seven of eight public radio stations would be interested in substantially expanding their coverage and reach if the necessary funding was provided. If you support more than one station, please respond in the context of your major news and public affairs station even if it also features music.

Among the bottom half of stations in terms of budget size, only 22 percent of the total budget on average was dedicated to the production of news and public affairs. Among the stations represented in our survey, the average overall budget as reported by respondents was $5,300,000, although some had annual budgets exceeding $20 million. Stations with budgets exceeding $20 million are in media-rich places like Boston, New York, Washington, and Los Angeles, and many of the stations with budgets in the $10-20 million range are in cities where other news outlets provide reasonably solid local coverage. Podcast listeners are a relatively new public radio constituency, and three-fifths of respondents said their station did not produce podcasts. Another indicator of capacity is whether a station has a reporter dedicated to covering local government. 1. Do local public radio stations have the capacity to provide reasonably comprehensive news coverage of the communities they serve? Even the topics deemed as having the best coverage were not rated highly. To obtain a fuller picture of stations’ capacity, we asked respondents a set of questions about their station’s news production. The difference was more pronounced for social media followers-nearly half of respondents claimed their station had 10,000 or fewer followers while only an eighth claimed 100,000 or more. As reported by our respondents, the median number of unique monthly website visitors was 40,000 whereas the median number of social media followers was 14,000, although here again there was wide variation. Among these stations, the median yearly attendance was 500 people with only a sixth of these stations saying they had hosted 5,000 or more people.

Adding that amount to the current median annual news budget ($1,725,000) would raise the amount to roughly $3 million. Q15. What is the approximate amount of your station’s overall annual budget? (A rough estimate is okay. Most of them have struggled to gain an audience but partnerships with them would leverage the comparative advantage of each outlet - the station’s brand, audience, and content and the digital outlet’s technical expertise. It’s the reason that well-funded stations can devote a larger share of their total budget to news than less-well-funded stations. It’s also the case that local public radio stations blanket nearly the whole of the United States. The audience potential is smaller than in more urban areas, and the residents are less financially able to support local public radio. A very large share of any new money coming into local stations could go directly into news production given that the up-front costs are already built in. Overy’s greatest criticism is reserved for the attempt by the Allies to terrorise the people of Germany into open revolt through the non-stop pounding of their cities. Traditionally fire was used to keep vegetation open and at early successional stages to regenerate grass, heath and brush, and to clear land of weeds and harvest residues. Finally, two-fifths of respondents said that their station stages local events, often featuring speakers on topics of interest to the local community. A mere 4 percent of respondents believed that it was “very likely” their station could obtain substantial new federal funding compared with 3 percent from state government and 1 percent from local government. Local stations receive some funding from non-local sources but are responsible for raising most of their funds. Congressional funding would help them to catch up and be better positioned to serve their newly connected communities.

For example, 71 percent of respondents from such stations said their station was placing “a lot of emphasis” on diversity training compared to 46 percent of respondents from stations in communities with a largely white population. 오피 Some stations are so short of staff that they do not do any original reporting, relying entirely on other local outlets for their news reports.70Cited in Ibid. In fact, some Sherpa have summited Mount Everest without the additional supply of oxygen that is standard issue on most climbs. In fact, an adult's body weight is 60 percent water, while an infant's is up to 80 percent water. Of the responding stations, 57 percent were university licensees, 28 percent were community licensees, 6 percent were government licensees, and 9 percent were otherwise licensed. Half of the respondents (52 percent) said this activity would be targeted for a large spending increase. Listener (member) contributions constituted the largest source of funding, accounting on average for 39 percent of a station’s total budget. Still, journalists were able to successfully deduce the identity of several of these "numbers" simply from examining their search queries. No fiddling around with trying to search the Internet. The websites of many local stations now get more traffic through search than through the home page. 오피사이트 Age.pdf. Search traffic is a benefit to commercial outlets because of their advertising model. Its traffic has increased sharply in recent years, some of it at the expense of traffic to the sites of local stations.54Erik Nickolaus Martin, “Can public service broadcasting survive Silicon Valley?
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