Notes

Performance enhancement of multiple-gate ZnO metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors fabricated using self-aligned and laser interference Advanced Optoelectronic Technology Center, National Cheng Kung University, Optoelectronic Technology Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, The simple self-aligned photolithography technique and laser interference photolithography technique were proposed and utilized to fabricate multiple-gate ZnO metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs)
Since the multiple-gate structure could improve the electrical field distribution along the ZnO channel, the performance of the ZnO MOSFETs could be enhanced. Mechanistic Studies of 6-butyl-n-hydroxynaphthimide trifluoromethanesulfonic acid Reactions of the multiple-gate ZnO MOSFETs was better than that of the conventional single-gate ZnO MOSFETs. The higher the drain-source saturation current (121 mA/mm), the higher the transconductance (55 mS/mm) and the lower the anomalous off-current (5 μA/mm) for the multiple-gate ZnO MOSFETs Upregulation of a T-type Ca2+ channel causes a long-lasting modification of neuronal firing mode after status epilepticus.A single episode of status epilepticus (SE) causes numerous structural and functional changes in the brain that can lead to the development of a chronic epileptic condition. Most studies of this plasticity have focused on changes in excitatory and inhibitory synaptic properties. However, the intrinsic firing properties that shape the output of the neuron to a given synaptic input may also be persistently affected by SE.

Thus, 54% of CA1 pyramidal cells, which normally fire in a regular mode, are persistently converted to a bursting mode after an episode of SE induced by the convulsant pilocarpine. In this model, intrinsic bursts evoked by threshold-straddling depolarizations, and their underlying spike afterdepolarizations (ADPs), were resistant to antagonists of N-, P/Q-, or L-type Ca2+ channels but were readily suppressed by low (30-100 microm) concentrations of Ni2+ known to block T- and R-type Ca2+ channels. The density of T-type Ca2+ currents, but not of other pharmacologically isolated Ca2+ current types, was upregulated in CA1 pyramidal neurons after SE. The augmented T-type currents were sensitive to Ni2+ in the same concentration range that blocked the novel intrinsic bursting in these neurons (IC50 = 27 microm). These data suggest that SE may persistently convert regular firing cells to intrinsic bursters by selectively increasing the density of a Ni2+-sensitive T-type Ca2+ current. This nonsynaptic plasticity considerably amplifies the output of CA1 pyramidal neurons to synaptic inputs and most probably contributes to the development and expression of an epileptic condition after SE.Catalyst-free growth of nanocrystalline graphene/graphite patterns from Technology, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Catalyst-free growth of a nanocrystalline few-layer graphene (or graphite) film from photoresist on variable substrates was demonstrated.

The thickness of the film can be easily controlled from 1 nm to hundreds of nanometers. With this method, graphene/graphite patterns with different thicknesses have been designed Application of Kogelnik's two-wave theory to deep, slanted, highly efficient, Deep photoresist gratings, slanted as well as unslanted, were produced holographically in clear Shipley 1400 photoresist. The diffraction efficiencies of these gratings were measured as a function of incident angle for three wavelengths with polarization perpendicular to the plane of incidence. It is shown that the results agree fairly well with those predicted by Kogelnik's two-wave theory, indicating that these relief gratings behave like volume holograms. An explanation in terms of thin and thick gratings is given, and practical conclusions are drawn from these observations.Inhibition of malate dehydrogenase by thyroxine and structurally related The inhibition of pig heart mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase (L-malate: NAD+ oxidoreductase, EC 17) by the thyroxine and structurally related compounds was studied to resolve a longstanding question about the exact nature of the inhibition. Thyroxine, in freshly prepared solution, was found to be a "pure" competitive inhibitor relative to the nucleotide cofactor.

Upon standing in diffuse daylight, solutions of thyroxine showed increased ability to inhibit the enzyme, presumably as a result of oxidation of enzyme sulfhydryl groups by free iodine that is released photochemically. This behavior probably accounts for earlier reports of irreversible inactivation by thyroxine. Comment is made on the implications of these findings to the mechanism of thyroid hormmone action.A novel photodegradable hyperbranched polymeric photoresist.We report the first synthesis of a photodegradable hyperbranched polyacetal, wherein every repeat unit carries a photo-labile 2-nitrobenzyloxy moiety. The pristine HBP serves as a positive photoresist to create micron-size patterns; furthermore, by changing the terminal groups to dipropargyl acetal, clickable photo-patterned substrates can be generated.Photoresist thickness measurement using laser-induced fluorescence.

A technique is proposed to measure the thickness of a small area of photoresist film on a substrate.
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