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"Diabetes"
Diabetes Mellitus, lebih dikenal dg sebutan 'kencing manis' merupakan ggn metabolisme dimana kadar gula darah melebihi batas normal. Kadar gula darah normal setelah berpuasa adalah 70-110 mg/dL darah. Kadar gula darah biasa sekitar 120-140 mg/dL pada 2 jam setelah makan.
Tipe-tipe diabetes:
1. Insulin Dependen Diabetes Melitus (IDDM)
IDDM (diabetes type I) disebabkan karena pankreasnya sudah rusak sejak awal. Sehingga kadar insulinnya rendah, atau bahkan tidak ada. Biasanya dokter menyarankan terapi insulin.
2. Non Insulin Dependen Diabetes Melitus (NIDDM)
NIDDM (diabetes type II) disebabkan akibat kerja insulin yg tidak efektif. Bisa jadi dikarenakan pasien obesitas & tak menerapkan pola hidup sehat.
[Noted: Hormon insulin adalah hormon buat menjaga kadar gula darah agar tetap normal ]
Banyak orang yg mengira diabetes hanya diderita oleh orang gendut. Nyatanya, cukup banyak juga orang kurus yg menderita diabetes. Faktor-faktor penyebab diabetes adalah oleh faktor genetik, obesitas, terlalu banyak makan yg manis2 serta pola hidup buruk.
Ciri diabetes bisa dilihat dari :
• sering buang air kecil dg jumlah banyak (poliuria)
• cepat lapar (polifagia)
• cepat haus (polidipsia)
• mudah lelah dan kesemutan
• pada beberapa kasus, penderita diabetes membutuhkan waktu lama dalam pemulihan luka
Selain ciri tsb, tentu mengecek kadar gula darah secara berkala juga penting utk bisa memvonis seseorang punya bakat diabetes atau tidak.
Penanganan diabetes bisa dilakukan dg terapi insulin atau obat-obatan antidiabetik, diet, olahraga rutin, kurangi konsumsi yg terlalu manis, serta makan tepat waktu.
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