Notes

Falls Injury - Common Falls Injuries
Falls can lead to many different injuries depending on the location of the fall and what body parts hit. The first symptom of injury is usually pain in the affected area.

Some signs of a serious fall include a fracture or spinal damage. Severe bruising may also indicate internal organ damage.
Bruises

Bruises occur when blood vessels under the skin tear or rupture, usually from a fall. Blood leaks into tissue below the skin, resulting in a black-and-blue mark that eventually fades to shades of purple and yellow.

Several factors influence bruise severity and duration. Diseases affecting clotting or platelet function, including clotting disorders and deficiencies, may increase bruising. Similarly, age and type of tissue, such as softer or thinner tissues, can make a bruise more noticeable and more severe. Lastly, the location of the injury and force of impact can contribute to the size and severity of a contusion.

Immediately after an injury, rest the bruised area and elevate it comfortably above your heart, if possible. Ice packs wrapped in a towel can be applied to reduce swelling and pain. Take an over-the-counter pain reliever like acetaminophen to reduce discomfort if needed. A bruise may take up to two weeks to heal depending on severity and individual healing processes.
Cuts and Abrasions

Abrasions occur when an area of skin rubs against a rough surface and loses its outer layer. This type of wound is usually mild, but can be serious if rocks or dirt are embedded in the wound and it is not cleaned and dressed properly. If the wound is oozing or if there is heavy bleeding, see your doctor immediately.

Linear abrasions are damage to the skin in a line-like pattern caused by something sharp touching the skin. Grazed abrasions are more like scrapes, and they happen when the skin makes contact with or is dragged over a rough surface, such as gravel in a road rash.

Other abrasions occur when the skin is pulled back from the underlying muscle, tissue or bone (like a degloving injury). These are usually more severe and can be very dangerous for people who have fragile skin or who take medicines that cause thinning of the skin. Avulsions often happen on the arms or legs, but can also be found on the torso.
Muscle Sprains

Muscle strains happen when a muscle is stretched or overused, especially if it crosses two joints. They are also more common when people don't warm up properly before a sport or activity.

A strained muscle is usually painful and tender, although it may not always hurt when touched. Depending on the severity, you may have swelling and mild bruising. The affected muscle can also feel weaker and have a limited range of movement.

Your doctor will ask about your symptoms and perform a physical examination. They will also want to know whether you heard a snapping sound at the time of injury. elderly alarm You may need a diagnostic test, such as an ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan, to help diagnose the extent of the damage to the muscle. Your doctor may recommend resting the injured muscle, following the RICE rules and avoiding activities that stress the injured muscle until it is healed. They will prescribe pain and anti-inflammatory medication to control pain and swelling.
Broken Bones or Fractures

Bone fractures can range from hairline cracks only seen on X-rays to complete breaks and even shattering. Often bone injuries are very serious and need to be dealt with immediately by paramedics. It is especially important to get emergency assistance for injuries to the skull, spine, ribs and pelvis. These bones are very close to vital organs and if they break they can cause heavy bleeding or damage the surrounding tissue.

A person with a bone injury may experience a lot of pain and it is important to keep them still until help arrives. If it is safe to do so, try to immobilize the injured area by placing a splint, rolled piece of paper or strips of wood over the injured area.

Doctors will ask the person a number of questions and conduct a physical examination to determine what the injury is. They may also need to order X-rays or computed tomography (CT) scans of the affected area.
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