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Coffee Bean Types: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa

If you're a lover of coffee you're probably aware that different types of beans can produce different flavors. Find out more about four of the most popular varieties: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa.

Excelsa beans, a type Liberica, are grown exclusively in Southeast Asia. They have a more fruity, tarter taste profile and are frequently used in coffee blends for added depth.

Arabica

Arabica is the most sought-after coffee worldwide and accounts for 75% of the world's coffee bean production. Arabica beans are milder and have a sweeter flavor than Robusta and come in a variety of flavour profiles. The flavor and aroma of coffee are influenced by the conditions under the conditions in which it grows and the methods of processing used.

The word "coffee" derives from the Arabic word for berry, and coffee beans are actually fruit seeds that grow in bright red berries. It is believed that the ancient Ethiopian shepherds noticed that their goats were more energetic after eating the berries, and that the cultivation of coffee soon spread across the world.

Coffee beans can be grown at higher altitudes, and they are capable of thriving when exposed to cold temperatures and lots of rain. This is one of the main reasons for why Arabica is regarded as the most delicious coffee.

Many specialty coffee shops and roasters are focused on sourcing their arabica beans ethically and focusing on fair pay for farmers and sustainable cultivation practices. These companies often blend arabica beans to make distinctive coffees that work well with various brewing methods. Blending allows for control over the aroma, flavor, body, and acidity of the coffee. It is usually preferred to achieve a consistent and balanced taste that appeals to a wider market.

Coffeee are the second-most popular type of coffee bean around the world. They contain more caffeine per bean than Arabica, and are more resistant to disease and pests. They also contain higher levels of chlorogenic acid, which are antioxidants found naturally. These acids can cause oxidation in the brewing process, and can result in undesirable flavors.

The plant itself is more robust than arabica, able thrive in less favorable climate conditions and at lower elevations. It can tolerate higher temperatures and thrives in direct sunlight. It produces more coffee per plant and grows faster than arabica. This makes it a more efficient crop to grow.

While it may seem counterintuitive it's true that Robusta beans are often blended with arabica to make coffee blends. If you see names such as Uganda or Kenya on the coffee bags, it's possible that there's also some robusta.

While some roasters exclusively use arabica beans, the majority use a mix of the two varieties to cut cost and maintain the quality. To preserve the integrity of flavor you should select the best quality beans from a reliable source. The best way to achieve this is to buy your beans directly from the farmer.

Liberica

Liberica beans are more or less football shaped and are therefore distinct from other coffee bean varieties. They have a distinctive scent that is floral and fruity with smoky undertones. They are often paired with other coffee beans to give an extra, stronger flavor.

Liberica coffee beans are grown in West Africa and Malaysia (Borneo) as well as in Southeast Asia. They are well-adapted to humid, hot climates and are able to grow at low altitudes. They also have a better resistance to disease than Arabica and Robusta.

These qualities make them ideal for growing at home. Online, you can buy seeds from a variety of sources. However, it is ideal to purchase the beans from local producers to ensure quality. The ideal conditions for growing Liberica coffee plants are fertile deep volcanic soils that have moderately acidic pH as well as adequate annual rainfall.

Another kind of coffee bean is Excelsa which was originally thought to be a separate species, but is now classified as a subspecies of Liberica. These oval-shaped coffee beans are grown on large coffee plants that range from 20-30 feet in height at medium altitudes. Their unique taste is both tart and sour, which makes them a popular option for blends in the home. They are also lighter on the aroma and caffeine compared to Arabica and Robusta however they still possess a unique quality of flavor.

Excelsa


Excelsa coffee beans aren't as widely used as Arabica and Robusta, even though they are the fourth most popular. In fact, they were considered a distinct coffee plant species until 2006 when they were classified as a synonym for Coffea liberica var. dewevrei. Currently, they're cultivated primarily in Southeast Asia and account for 7% of the world's production of coffee. These coffee beans are distinctive with a teardrop-shaped shape and possess an eerie, dark taste. They are typically used to give blends more body and a sweet tart flavor of ripe fruit.

Arabica beans are the most popular, and are well-known for their an apricot-like flavor. They thrive at higher altitudes, and they thrive in warm tropical climates. They also have a bit of acidity. If brewed correctly and roast they can be a bit sweet with hints of nuts, chocolate or even fruit.

Robusta is the second most sought-after coffee around the world. It makes up around 40% of all coffee consumed in the world. Robusta beans are more round and smaller, yet they contain twice as much caffeine than Arabica. They are also bitterer than the other two types and have an earthy, woody taste.

Once you've mastered the four most popular types of coffee beans and the four most popular types of coffee beans, it's time to select the perfect coffee. If you want a smooth soft, delicate flavor, go for an arabica or a blend of arabica and robusta beans.

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