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Coffeee : Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa

You probably already know that different varieties can produce distinct flavors. Learn more about four of the most sought-after varieties: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa.

Excelsa beans, which are a variety of Liberica is grown exclusively in Southeast Asia. They have a more fruity and tarter flavor, and are often used in blends of coffee to add depth.

Arabica

Arabica coffee beans account for 75% of the world's production. Arabica beans have a milder and sweeter flavor than Robusta. They are available with a variety of flavor profiles. The flavor and aroma of coffee is affected by the conditions in the conditions in which it grows and the processing methods used.

The word "coffee" actually is derived from the Arabic word for berry and coffee beans are actually fruit seeds which grow inside bright red berries. It is believed that the ancient Ethiopian shepherds realized that their goats were energy-rich after eating these fruits, and the cultivation of coffee soon became widespread across the globe.

Coffee beans can be grown at high altitudes and are capable of thriving when exposed to cool temperatures and plenty of rain. This is one of the reasons that Arabica is regarded as the best-tasting type of coffee.

Many specialty coffee shops and roasters focus on ethically sourced arabica beans, and focusing on fair wages for farmers and sustainable farming practices. These companies often blend arabica beans to create unique signature coffees that are well-suited for various methods of brewing. Blending is a way to control the aroma, flavor and body of the coffee. It is often used to create an even and consistent taste that appeals to a broad market.

Robusta

Robusta beans are the second most popular type of coffee bean in the world. They have more caffeine per bean and are more resistant against pests and diseases. They also have higher levels of chlorogenic acids that are antioxidants naturally found in. These acids can cause oxidation during the brewing process, and can result in undesirable flavors.

The plant is more robust than the arabica and may thrive in less favorable conditions. It can withstand temperatures that are higher and thrives in direct sunlight. It is faster growing and produces more coffee per plant than arabica, making it a cheaper crop to grow.

Although it might appear counterintuitive Robusta beans are typically blended with arabica to make coffee blends. If you find names such as Uganda or Kenya on the bag of coffee it's likely that there's also some robusta.

Most roasters employ a mixture of arabica and coffee beans to lower costs and ensure quality. To preserve the integrity of flavor it is recommended to select the highest quality beans from a trusted source. This can be achieved by purchasing your beans direct from a farmer.

Liberica

Liberica beans have a shape that is similar to a football, which makes them different from other types of coffee beans. They have a scent that is fruity, floral and smokey. They are paired with other types of coffee beans to provide them with a more rich and more robust flavor.

Liberica coffee beans are available in West Africa, Malaysia (Borneo) and Southeast Asia. They can grow in low altitudes and withstand humid, hot climates. They are also more resistant to diseases than Arabica or Robusta.

These qualities make them ideal for home-growing. You can purchase seeds on the internet from a variety of sources, but it is recommended to purchase locally-owned producers to ensure the quality of the beans. The ideal conditions for growing Liberica coffee plants are fertile deep volcanic soils, with moderately acidic pH as well as adequate annual rainfall.

Another kind of coffee bean is Excelsa that was once thought to be a separate species, but has been re-classified as a variant of Liberica. The coffee beans that are oval in shape are grown on large coffee plants that range from 20-30 feet in height at medium altitudes. Their distinctive flavor is tart and sour, which makes them a popular choice for blends in the home. They are also less heavy on scent and caffeine than Arabica and Robusta, but still possess a unique taste.

Excelsa

Excelsa coffee beans aren't as well-known as Arabica and Robusta, even though they are the fourth most popular. In fact they were considered to be distinct species of coffee until 2006 when they were classified as an alternative to Coffea liberica var. dewevrei. Currently, they're cultivated primarily in Southeast Asia and account for 7 percent of the world's production of coffee. The coffee beans have the shape of a teardrop and possess a dark, mysterious taste. They are frequently used to give blends extra body and a tangy taste of ripened fruits.

Arabica beans are by far the most popular and are renowned for their sweeter taste. They thrive best at high altitudes and have warm, tropical climates. They can be a bit acidic. If properly roasted and brewed they can be a bit sweet with hints of nuts, chocolate or even fruit.

Robusta is an extremely close second to Arabica and is responsible for about 40% of the world's coffee. These beans are smaller and rounder however, they contain twice the amount of caffeine as Arabica. They also have more bitterness than the other two varieties, and tend to have woody and earthy undertones.

After having a better understanding of the four most common types of brew, it's time to pick your favorite drink. If you prefer an elegant and delicate taste, choose an arabica bean or a blend comprised of arabica beans and robusta beans.


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