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Coffee Bean Types: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa

If you're a coffee enthusiast you're likely to know that different beans can produce different flavors. Find out more about four of the most well-known varieties: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica and Excelsa.

Excelsa beans, a type Liberica is grown exclusively in Southeast Asia. They have a sweeter and more tart flavor profile and are often added to blends of beans to add depth.

Arabica

Arabica is the most sought-after coffee in the world and accounts for 75% of the global coffee beans produced. Arabica beans have a milder and sweeter flavor than Robusta. cafe coffee beans are available in a variety of flavour profiles. The aroma and taste of a coffee can vary in a wide range depending on the cultivation conditions and the processing methods used to produce it.

The word "coffee" originates from the Arabic word that means berry. Coffee beans are actually seeds which grow within bright red berries. It is believed that the ancient Ethiopian shepherds realized that their goats became energized after eating these fruit, and the cultivation of coffee quickly was a global phenomenon.

Coffee beans can be grown at higher altitudes and are capable of thriving when exposed to cool temperatures and lots of rain. This is one of the main reasons that Arabica is regarded as the best tasting coffee.

Many specialty coffee shops and roasters concentrate on using ethically-sourced arabica beans, by emphasizing fair wages for farmers and sustainable growing practices. These companies blend arabica beans to create unique specialty coffees, which are suitable for a variety of brewing methods. Blending gives control over the aroma, flavor and body of the coffee. It is often preferred to achieve a consistent and balanced flavor that appeals to a broad market.

Robusta

Robusta beans are the second-most popular type of coffee bean in the world. They contain more caffeine per bean than Arabica, and are more resistant to diseases and pests. They also have higher levels of chlorogenic acids which are antioxidants found naturally. These acids can cause oxidation in the coffee's brewing process and cause undesirable flavors.

The plant is more resilient than the arabica, and can be grown in less favorable climates. It is able to withstand higher temperatures and does well in direct sun. It produces more coffee per plant and grows faster than arabica. This makes it a economically viable crop to cultivate.

While it may sound counterintuitive however, arabica and robusta beans are often blended to make coffee blends. If you notice names like Uganda or Kenya on the coffee bags it's possible that there's also some robusta.

Although some roasters exclusively use arabica beans but the majority do mix the two varieties to cut cost and maintain the quality. To preserve the flavor integrity it is recommended to select an excellent bean from a trusted source. The best way to achieve this is to purchase your beans directly from the farmer.

Liberica

Liberica beans have a shape like a football, which is what makes them distinct from other types of coffee beans. They have a unique aroma that is fruity and floral with subtle smoky undertones. They are often added to other beans to give an extra, stronger flavor.

Liberica coffee beans are grown in West Africa and Malaysia (Borneo) as and in Southeast Asia. They are adaptable to humid, hot climates and are able to grow at low altitudes. They also have a more resistant to diseases than Arabica and Robusta.

These qualities make them perfect for growing at home. The seeds can be found online from many sources, however it's best to purchase them from local producers to guarantee the quality of the beans. The ideal conditions for growing Liberica coffee are fertile deep volcano soils with moderately acidic and sufficient annual rainfall.


Excelsa is another type of coffee bean. It was originally classified as a separate species, but has now been classified as a Liberica variant. These coffee beans with an oval shape grow on large coffee plants that reach 20 to 30 feet in height at medium altitudes. Their unique taste is both tart and sour, making them a popular option for blends made at home. They have a less pronounced flavor and lower caffeine levels than Arabica or Robusta but still have a unique depth of flavor.

Excelsa

Although they're the fourth-most popular kind of coffee beans, Excelsa beans aren't as easily accessible as Arabica or Robusta. They were actually thought to be to be a different species of coffee until 2006 when they were reclassified to become a synonym for Coffea Liberica var. dewevrei. Today, they're grown mainly in Southeast Asia and account for 7% of the world's coffee production. The beans have a distinctive teardrop shape, and an eerie, dark taste. They're typically used in blends to add body and a rich tart, ripe fruit taste.

Arabica beans are the most sought-after, and are renowned for their more sweetness. They thrive at high altitudes and have warm, tropical climates. They also have a little of acidity. If brewed correctly and roast, they can have notes of nuts, chocolate, or even fruit.

Robusta is an extremely close second to Arabica and is responsible for about 40% of the world's coffee. Robusta beans are more round and smaller, yet contain twice as much caffeine than Arabica. They also have more bitterness than the other two varieties and tend to have earthy and woody overtones.

Once you've mastered the four most widely used varieties of coffee beans you can now choose your perfect brew. If you want a smooth and delicate taste, go for an arabica bean or a blend of robusta and arabica beans.

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