Notes

5% of triple vaccinated cancer patients had higher SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels
When patients were split into hematological and solid cancer, the hematological cancer group demonstrated lower serological responses than the solid cancer group in the first and second doses (first dose, average concentration 11.1 vs. 201.4 BAU/mL, respectively, p < 0.05; second dose, average concentration 441.5 vs.

1725.9 BAU/mL, respectively, p < 0.05). There was no difference in the third dose level (1756.3 vs. 2548.0 BAU/mL, p = 0.

21). (4) Conclusions: Most vaccines were effective in producing robust antibody responses when more than one dose was given, and the more doses the higher the serological response. Likely due to the highly contagious nature of SARS-CoV-2 variants, a significant number of participants had SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses lower than the average antibody concentration prior to the known breakthrough infections. Additional vaccination is likely required to ensure immunity against infection by cows in each group). Cows in group I were inoculated IM and intramammarily (IMm) with Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center (OARDC) tissue culture-propagated modified-live Nebraska calf diarrhea bovine rotavirus with added adjuvant (OARDC vaccine-immunized cows). Group II cows were given IM injections of a commercial modified-live rotavirus-coronavirus vaccine (commercial vaccine-immunized cows), and the remaining 5 cows were noninoculated controls (group III). menaquinone in colostrum and milk was mainly associated with immunoglobulin (Ig)G1, and less so with IgG2, IgA, and IgM, as analyzed by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), using monospecific anti-bovine IgG1, IgG2, IgM, and IgA sera.

In serum, the rotavirus antibody was distributed almost equally between IgG1 and IgG2. The same relationships appeared in both immunized and nonvaccinated cows. All OARDC vaccine-injected cows had virus-neutralization (VN) and ELISA IgG1 rotavirus antibody titers in serum and mammary secretions at significantly increased levels (at least 100-fold; P less than 0.05) compared with the titers in groups II (commercial vaccine-immunized cows) and III (controls). Serum, colostrum, and milk antibody titers from these latter 2 groups did not differ statistically. The ELISA IgG2, IgA, and IgM rotavirus antibody titers also were significantly greater in mammary secretions from OARDC vaccine-immunized cows than in groups II and III cows. There was a high correlation between ELISA IgG1 and VN rotavirus antibody titers for all samples tested (r = 0.

97, P less than 0.001), but ELISA IgG1 antibody titers were consistently higher than VN titers. The ELISA IgG1 and VN antibody titers of milk samples collected from cows 30 days after parturition were higher from the OARDC vaccine-immunized cows (ELISA IgG1, geometric mean titer (GMT) = 3,511; VN GMT = 1,689) than were titers from the group II cows (ELISA IgG1 GMT = 39; VN GMT = 33) or group III cows (ELISA IgG1 GMT = 21; VN GMT = 19). These results indicate that IM plus IMm immunization of pregnant cows, using modified-live bovine rotavirus with added adjuvant, may significantly enhance serum, colostrum, and milk rotavirus antibody titers, whereas IM vaccinal inoculation of pregnant cows with a commercial modified-live rotavirus-coronavirus vaccine may not.protection against Necrotic Enteritis in chickens.NE is the most important clostridial disease. Vaccination has been considered as a possible approach to prevent NE.

Our previous study showed that a chimeric protein product consisting of antigenic epitopes of NetB, Alpha-toxin and Zinc metallopeptidase (Zmp) triggered immune response against C. perfringens. In menaquinone optimized the chimeric gene and constructed a fusion protein containing NetB, Alpha-toxin and Metallopeptidase (NAM) for expressing in tobacco plant to use as an edible vaccine for immunizing the chicken against NE. Simultaneously, we expressed and purified a His-tagged recombinant version of the NAM (rNAM) expressed in E. coli BL21 for subcutaneous immunization of chickens. Immunized birds produced strong humoral immune responses against both edible plant-based and parenteral purified rNAM. The responses were determined by the mean titer of antibody in blood samples to be around 9000 and 32,000, for edible and injected rNAM, respectively.

Birds immunized subcutaneously showed the most striking responses.
Here's my website: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_K2