Notes

The difference low-frequency Raman spectra under 250 cm-1 of the aqueous solutions relative to the neat water showed that the spectral shoulder in the high-frequency region at 60-100 cm-1, assigned to the libration of an aromatic ring, was higher in frequency for the imidazolium cation but lower for the triazolide anion than those of the respective neutral aromatics
The results of the ab initio quantum chemistry calculations of the clusters of the aromatics and water molecule(s) were consistent with the experimental spectra of the aqueous solutions. Further, the results of the temperature-dependent experiments showed that the signal intensity in the low-frequency region below 50 cm-1 increased for all solutions with an increase in temperature. In contrast, the spectral density in the high-frequency region above 80 cm-1 exhibited almost no shift for the 1 M solutions, while a significant red shift was observed for the 5 M solutions. In addition, the temperature-dependent densities, viscosities, and surface tensions were characterized for the aqueous aromatic The capillary Kir channel as sensor and amplifier of neuronal signals: Modeling insights on K(+)-mediated neurovascular communication.Neuronal activity leads to an increase in local cerebral blood flow (CBF) to allow adequate supply of oxygen and nutrients to active neurons, a process termed neurovascular coupling (NVC). We have previously shown that capillary endothelial cell (cEC) inwardly rectifying K+ (Kir) channels can sense neuronally evoked increases in interstitial K+ and induce rapid and robust dilations of upstream parenchymal arterioles, suggesting a key role of cECs in NVC.

The requirements of this signal conduction remain elusive. Here, we utilize mathematical modeling to investigate how small outward currents in stimulated cECs can elicit physiologically relevant spread of vasodilatory signals within the highly interconnected brain microvascular network to increase local CBF. Our model shows that the Kir channel can act as an "on-off" switch in cECs to hyperpolarize the cell membrane as extracellular K+ increases. A local hyperpolarization can be amplified by the voltage-dependent activation of Kir in neighboring cECs. Sufficient Kir density enables robust amplification of the hyperpolarizing stimulus and produces responses that resemble action potentials in excitable cells. This Kir-mediated excitability can remain localized in the stimulated region or regeneratively propagate over significant distances in the microvascular network, thus dramatically increasing the efficacy of K+ for eliciting local hyperemia. Modeling results show how changes in cEC transmembrane current densities and gap junctional resistances can affect K+-mediated NVC and suggest a key role for Kir as a sensor of neuronal activity and an amplifier of retrograde electrical signaling in the cerebral vasculature.

Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, Methane non-oxidative coupling to ethylene was investigated on Mo2 C/[B]ZSM-5 catalyst at 923 K and atmospheric pressure. In contrast to Mo2 C/[Al]ZSM-5 catalysts for methane aromatization, this material exhibits very high ethylene selectivity (>90 %) and low aromatics (benzene and naphthalene) selectivity. 6-butyl-n-hydroxynaphthimide trifluoromethanesulfonic acid in Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution of [B]ZSM-5 leads to a slow rate of ethylene oligomerization. The stability of the catalyst is greatly enhanced with 93 % of the initial reaction rate remaining after 18 h of time on stream. In-situ UV/VIS spectra indicate that prior to carburization, mono/binuclear Mo oxides are initially well dispersed onto the zeolite support. Mo carbides clusters, formed during carburization with methane, appear similar to clusters formed in [Al]ZSM-5, as indicated by the X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS) data.© 2018 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co.

KGaA, Weinheim.Hydrocracking of Jatropha Oil over non-sulfided PTA-NiMo/ZSM-5 Catalyst.School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, P. R. The PTA-NiMo/ZSM-5 catalyst impregnated with phosphotungstic acid (PTA) was designed for the transformation of Jatropha oil into benzene, toluene, and xylenes (BTX) aromatics. The produced catalyst was characterized by N2 adsorption-desorption, powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and the temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia (NH3-TPD). The catalytic performance was evaluated by gas chromatography (GC).

The liquid products were 70 wt% of the feed oil, and the majority of the liquid products were BTX. The aromatization activity of the catalyst was improved by the addition of PTA and the hierarchical process. The favorable PTA amount was 20 wt% and the yield of BTX was 59 wt% at 380 °C, 3 MPa, H2/oil (v/v) = 1000 and LHSV = 1 h-1 over the PTA20-NiMo/HZ0 catalyst (PTA 20 wt%) without sulfurization.Development and application of an oil toxicity and exposure model, OilToxEx.An oil toxicity and exposure model (OilToxEx) was developed and validated for estimation of impacts to aquatic organisms resulting from acute exposure to spilled oil.
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