Notes

Milk Antibiofilm Agents
Bhowmik A(1), Chunhavacharatorn P(2), Bhargav S(3), Malhotra A(1)(4), Technology (ICT), Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga, Mumbai 19, India.Surface-associated bacterial communities called biofilms are ubiquitous in nature. Biofilms are detrimental in medical settings due to their high tolerance to antibiotics and may alter the final pathophysiological outcome of many healthcare-related infections. Several innovative prophylactic and therapeutic strategies targeting specific mechanisms andor pathways have been discovered and exploited in the clinic. One such emerging and original approach to dealing with biofilms is the use of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), which are the third most abundant solid component in human milk after lactose and lipids. HMOs are safe to consume (GRAS status) and act as prebiotics by inducing the growth and colonization of gut microbiota, in addition to strengthening the intestinal epithelial barrier, thereby protecting from pathogens.

Moreover, HMOs can disrupt biofilm formation and inhibit the growth of specific microbes. In the present review, we summarize the potential of HMOs as antibacterial and antibiofilm agents and, hence, propose further investigations on using HMOs for Conflict of interest statement The authors declare no conflict of interest.Infant Formula Supplemented with Five Human Milk Oligosaccharides Shifts the Fecal Microbiome of Formula-Fed Infants Closer to That of Breastfed Infants.Holst AQ(1), Myers P(2), Rodríguez-García P(2), Hermes GDA(1), Melsaether C(1), Breastmilk is the optimal source of infant nutrition, with short-term and long-term health benefits. Some of these benefits are mediated by human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), a unique group of carbohydrates representing the third most abundant solid component of human milk. We performed the first clinical study on infant formula supplemented with five different HMOs (5HMO-mix), comprising 2'-fucosyllactose, 3-fucosyllactose, lacto-N-tetraose, 3'-sialyllactose and 6'-sialyllactose at a natural total concentration of 55 gL, and here report the analysis of the infant fecal microbiome. We found an increase in the relative abundance of bifidobacteria in the 5HMO-mix cohort compared with the formula-fed control, specifically affecting bifidobacteria that can produce aromatic lactic acids.

5HMO-mix influenced the microbial composition as early as Week 1, and the observed changes persisted to at least Week 16, including a relative decrease in species with opportunistic pathogenic strains down to the level observed in breastfed infants during the first 4 weeks. We further analyzed the functional potential of the microbiome and observed features shared between 5HMO-mix-supplemented and breastfed infants, such as a relative enrichment in mucus and tyrosine degradation, with the latter possibly being linked to the aromatic lactic acids. lacto n neotetraose -mix supplement, therefore, shifts the infant fecal microbiome closer to that of breastfed Conflict of interest statement A.Q.H., G.D.

A.H., S.R.J., A.B.

, C.M. and K.P. are employees of Chr. Hansen and were involved in the design and conduct of the study, the analyses and interpretation of the data, and the drafting and Translating neonatal microbiome science into commercial innovation metabolism of human milk oligosaccharides as a basis for probiotic efficacy in breast-fed California-Davis, Davis, CA, United States.For over a century, physicians have witnessed a common enrichment of bifidobacteria in the feces of breast-fed infants that was readily associated with infant health status.

Recent advances in bacterial genomics, metagenomics, and glycomics have helped explain the nature of this unique enrichment and enabled the tailored use of probiotic supplementation to restore missing bifidobacterial functions in at-risk infants. This review documents a -year span of discoveries that set the stage for the current use of human milk oligosaccharide-consuming bifidobacteria to beneficially colonize, modulate, and protect the intestines of at-risk, human milk-fed, neonates. This review also presents a model for probiotic applications wherein bifidobacterial functions, in the form of colonization and HMO-related catabolic activity in situ, represent measurable metabolic outcomes by which probiotic efficacy can be scored toward improving infant health.Conflict of interest statement DAM, JBG, and CBL are co-founders of Infinant Health, a company focused on probiotic-based manipulation of the infant gut microbiota; BCD Biosciences, a company advancing novel bioactive glycans; and Matrubials Inc., a company advancing milk-based antimicrobial peptides.
My Website: http://allinno.com/product/healthcare/674.html en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lacto-N-tetraose