Notes

The nature of NOM changes induced by chlorination and ozonation was examined using differential absorbance spectroscopy (DAS) and high-performance size-exclusion chromatography (HPSEC)
The data of these methods show that NOM molecules with higher apparent molecular weight (AMW), higher aromaticities and contributions of protonation-active phenolic and carboxylic groups play a key role in adsorption and colloidal dispersion of the model solids. The data also show that metal release from model phases was well correlated with a number of spectroscopic parameters characterizing NOM properties, notably SUVA254, spectral slopes of NOM absorbance, and differential absorbance at wavelength of 280 nm and 350 nm that is indicative of the contributions of carboxylic and phenolic functional groups. Chemical Properties and Reactions of 6-butyl-n-hydroxynaphthimide trifluoromethanesulfonic acid of ζ-potential of the model solid phases were the strongest predictor of the enhancement of copper release especially in the system controlled by malachite. While effects of NOM on the ζ-potential of tenorite and malachite were prominent for unaltered NOM, its oxidation by chlorine and ozone was accompanied by a gradual decrease and ultimately disappearance of its surface activity.Ozone exposure induces the activation of leaf senescence-related processes and morphological and growth changes in seedlings of Mediterranean tree species.Forestry Applications), Edifici C, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Four Mediterranean tree taxa, Quercus ilex subsp.

ilex, Quercus ilex subsp. ballota, Olea europaea cv. vulgaris and Ceratonia siliqua, were exposed to years. Three treatments were applied: charcoal-filtered air (CF), non-filtered maximal efficiency, Fv/Fm, decreased in NF + plants during the second year of exposure, especially during the most stressful Mediterranean seasons (winter and summer). An increase of delta(13)C was found in three of the four studied species during the first year of exposure. This finding was only maintained in C. siliqua during the second year.

Decreases in the chlorophyll content were detected during the first year of fumigations in all the species studied, but not during the second year. The NF + treatment induced changes in foliar anatomical characteristics, especially in leaf mass per area (LMA) and spongy parenchyma thickness, which increased in some species. A reduction in N content and an increase in delta(15)N were found in all species during the second year when exposed in the NF + OTCs, suggesting a change in their retranslocation pattern linked to an acceleration of leaf senescence, as also indicated by the above mentioned biochemical and anatomical foliar changes. The two Q. ilex subspecies were the most sensitive species since the changes in N concentration, concentrations. However, C. siliqua was the most responsive species (29% biomass reduction) when exposed to the NF + treatment, followed by the two Q.

ilex subspecies (14-20%) and O. europaea (no significant reduction). Ozone resistance of the latter species was linked to some plant traits such as chlorophyll concentrations, or spongy parenchyma thickness.Different speciation for bromine in brown and red algae, revealed by in vivo X-ray absorption spectroscopic studies.Scientifique, Station Biologique, Roscoff, F-29680, France.Université Paris 6, Station Biologique, Roscoff, F-29680, France.Notkestrasse 85, Hamburg, D-22607, Germany.

Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, Nijmegen, NL-6525 AJ, The Members of various algal lineages are known to be strong producers of atmospherically relevant halogen emissions, that is a consequence of their capability to store and metabolize halogens. This study uses a noninvasive, synchrotron-based technique, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, for addressing in vivo bromine speciation in the brown algae Ectocarpus siliculosus, Ascophyllum nodosum, and Fucus serratus, the red algae Gracilaria dura, G. gracilis, Chondrus crispus, Osmundea pinnatifida, Asparagopsis armata, Polysiphonia elongata, and Corallina officinalis, the diatom Thalassiosira rotula, the dinoflagellate Lingulodinium polyedrum and a natural phytoplankton sample. The results highlight a diversity of fundamentally different bromine storage modes: while most of the stramenopile representatives and the dinoflagellate store mostly bromide, there is evidence for Br incorporated in nonaromatic hydrocarbons in Thalassiosira. Red algae operate various organic bromine stores - including a possible precursor (by the haloform reaction) for bromoform in Asparagopsis and aromatically bound Br in Polysiphonia and Corallina. Large fractions of the bromine in the red algae G. dura and C.

crispus and the brown alga F. serratus are present as Br(-) defects in solid KCl, similar to what was reported earlier for Laminaria parts. These results are discussed according to different defensive strategies that are used within algal taxa to cope with © 2014 Phycological Society of America.Nanomolar small molecule inhibitors for alphav(beta)6, alphav(beta)5, and Integrin adhesion receptors frequently recognize a core amino acid sequence, Arg-Gly-Asp, in their target ligands.
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