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Origin: Olfactory receptors in nasal cavity
Termination: olfactory cortex in frontal lobe.
Sensory
Function: sense of smell
Damage: Anosmia
2. Optic
Origin: Retina of eye
Termination: Thalamus
Sensory
Function: Vision
Damage: Blindness, Anopsias
3. Oculomotor
Origin: Midbrain
Termination: Eye
Motor
Function: Movement of eye muscles (inferior oblique, inferior and medial rectus); Iris constriction, Focusing.
Damage: external strabismus, and ptosis (Upper eyelid drops)
4. Trochlear
Origin: Midbrain
Termination: Eye
Motor
Function: Innervate the superior oblique muscle
Damage: Double vision, and inability to rotate the eye
5. Trigeminal
Origin: Pons
Has three branches:
- Opthalmic: Convey sensory impulses from upper eyelids and nose.
- Maxillary: Sensory impulses from upper teeth and nasal cavity
- Mandibular: Sensory information from tongue, lower teeth. Motor for muscles of mastication.
6. Abducens
Origin: Pons
Termination: Eye
Motor
Function: Innervate lateral rectus muscle
Damage: Internal strabismus
7. Facial
Origin: pons
Termination: Tongue and lateral aspect of face
Mixed (both motor and sensory)
Function: Sensory and innervation of skeletal muscles of face, tear glands sensory information from taste buds.
Damage: Bell's Palsy
8. Vestibulocochlear
Origin: Inner ear
Termination: Pons
Function: Sense of hearing and equilibrium
Damage: Deafness and dizziness
9. Glossopharyngeal
10. Vagus
Origin: Medulla oblongata
Termination: Neck and thorax
Mixed (Both motor and sensory)
Function: Motor- Skeletal muscles of pharynx and larynx, regulation of heart rate, breathing, and digestive functions. Sensory-Visceral organ
Damage: its damage can lead to death
11. Acessory Nerve
Origin: Medulla oblongata
Termination: Joins vagus
Motor
Function: Innervate pharynx, larynx, and skeletal muscles to move head and neck.
Damage: Impedes movement of head and neck.
12. Hypoglossal
Origin: Medulla Oblongata
Motor
Function: Muscles of the tongue (Swallowing and speech)
Damage: Difficulty in speech and swallowing.
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