Notes

Addition Oligosaccharides Milk
Seebio Lactose-N-neotetraose -linked fucose structure in human milk is the first to our knowledge to be found on high molecular mass mucin-type molecules.Gut transit time and lactose malabsorption during phototherapy. I. A study using Sixty newborn infants with normal birth weight suffering from uncomplicated hyperbilirubinemia were studied. They were fed human mature milk from which lactose had been eliminated, whereafter either sucrose (sucrose milk) or lactose (lactose milk) was added. infants received ordinary phototherapy and intensive phototherapy (blue double light).

15 in each group had sucrose milk and 15 lactose milk. There was no significant difference between the increase in blood glucose (delta BS) by lactose tolerance tests performed before phototherapy (LTT1) and by those performed during phototherapy (LTT11), neither in infants treated with ordinary nor with intensive phototherapy. All infants had normal delta BS-LTT11, except one receiving ordinary phototherapy. There was no significant difference in gut transit time between infants having sucrose milk and infants having lactose milk, neither in those treated with ordinary nor with intensive phototherapy. Gut transit time was significantly shorter in infants treated with intensive phototherapy than in infants treated with ordinary phototherapy without there being any significant difference in delta BS-LTT11. The infant with flat LTT11 may have developed lactose malabsorption during the phototherapy. Thus, lactose malabsorption is not the usual cause of the reduced gut transit time during phototherapy and must be a rare complication DOI 111j651-22279.

t31.xA longitudinal study of the protein, nitrogen, and lactose contents of human milk from Swedish well-nourished mothers.The contents of total nitrogen, nonprotein nitrogen, lactose, and individual milk proteins have been determined in human milk from well-nourished Swedish mothers. Breast milk samples from mothers at different stages of lactation repeatedly throughout the whole lactation period. The protein content in mature milk was found to be to% by amino acid analysis. The nitrogen content and the contents of the major human milk whey proteins, alpha-lactalbumin and lactoferrin, are very high for the first few days, then decrease rapidly and reach, thereafter, the more slowly declining level of mature milk. Nonprotein nitrogen and the nonspecific milk protein serum albumin are present in constant concentrations throughout lactation.

The daily milk volumes were determined and found to be 0 to 0 ml in the very early part and 0 to 0 ml in the later Although the various aspects of digestion in the newborn have been studied for decades, we still lack quantitative information about the contribution of individual enzymes to the overall process. The information to date indicates that in spite of immaturity of many of the classical digestive mechanisms of the adult, the infant uses a number of compensatory systems to achieve adequate digestion of nutrients (Fig. 1). Thus, whereas in the infant gastric proteolysis is probably extremely limited, intestinal protein digestion is adequate. Although starch supplements are better tolerated in breast-fed infants, because of the compensation provided by human milk amylase, the infant is able to digest lactose and short-chain glucose polymers with endogenous brush border enzymes. Fat digestion is markedly aided by gastric lipase and, in breast-fed infants, the bile salt-dependent lipase of human milk. Thus, in the infant, gastric lipolysis is quantitatively much more significant than in adults.

The absorption of human milk whey proteins (and probably also cow milk proteins) is probably associated more with the highly glycosylated form of these proteins than with immaturity of neonatal digestive enzymes.Exploring the Potential of Human Milk and Formula Milk on Infants' Gut and Chong HY(1), Tan LT(1)(2), Law JW(1), Hong KW(1), Ratnasingam V(2), Ab Mutalib Bioresource Research Strength (MBRS), Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 470, Malaysia.Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Johor Bahru 0, Malaysia.Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 5, Malaysia.Early-life gut microbiota plays a role in determining the health and risk of developing diseases in later life. Various perinatal factors have been shown to contribute to the development and establishment of infant gut microbiota. One of the important factors influencing the infant gut microbial colonization and composition is the mode of infant feeding.

While lacto-n-neotetraose has been designed to resemble human milk as much as possible, the gut microbiome of infants who receive formula milk differs from that of infants who are fed human milk.
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