Notes

Work Focus Compounds Milk Components Species Cattle Components Milk Culture Engineering
Conflict of interest statement The authors declare no conflict of interest'-Fucosyllactose Remits Colitis-Induced Liver Oxygen Stress through the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2# Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 0193, China.Liver oxygen stress is one of the main extraintestinal manifestations of colitis and 5% of cases develop into a further liver injury and metabolic disease. 2′-fucosyllactose (2′-FL), a main member of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), has been found to exert efficient impacts on remitting colitis. However, whether 2′-FL exerts the function to alleviate colitis-induced liver injury and how 2′-FL influences the metabolism via regulating gut microbiota remain unknown. Herein, in our study, liver oxygen stress was measured by measuring liver weight and oxygen-stress-related indicators. Then, 16S full-length sequencing analysis and non-target metabolome in feces were performed to evaluate the overall responses of metabolites and intestinal bacteria after being treated with 2′-FL control group, the liver weight of colitis mice was significantly decreased by 18.

% (p 5). After 2′-FL treatment, the liver weight was significantly increased by 125% compared with colitis mice (p 5). Meanwhile, they exhibited higher levels of oxidation in liver tissue with decreasing total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) (decreased by 175%) and glutathione (GSH) levels 364%), and 2′-FL treatment could reverse those tendencies. Full-length 16S rRNA sequencing revealed that there were 39 speciesgenera differentially enriched in the control, dextran sulphate sodium (DSS), and DSS + 2′-FL groups. After treatment with 2′-FL, the intestinal metabolic patterns, especially glycometabolism and the lipid-metabolism-related process, in DSS mice were strikingly altered with 33 metabolites significantly down-regulated and 26 metabolites up-regulated. Further analysis found DSS induced a 1%, 412%, 431%, and 396% decline in acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, and total short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in colitis mice (all p 5), respectively, while these were up-regulated to different degrees in the DSS + 2′-FL group. By co-analyzing the data of gut microbiota and metabolites, glycometabolism and lipid-metabolism-associated metabolites exhibited strong positivenegative relationships with Akkermansia_muciniphila (all p 1) and Paraprevotella spp.

(all p 1), suggesting that the two species might play crucial roles in the process of 2′-FL alleviating colitis-induced liver oxygen stress. In conclusion, in the gut−liver−microbiotas axis, 2′-FL mediated in glucose and lipid-related metabolism and alleviated liver oxygen stress via regulating gut microbiota in the DSS-induced colitis model. Lactose-N-neotetraose provide a new perspective to understand the probiotic function of 2′-FL.Conflict of interest statement The authors declare no competing interest.Comparison of Different Labeling Techniques for the LC-MS Profiling of Human Lang Y(1), Zhang Y(1), Wang C(1), Huang L(1), Liu X(1), Song N(1), Li G(1)(2), Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) exhibit various biological activities for infants, such as serving as prebiotics, blocking pathogens, and aiding in brain development. HMOs are a complex mixture of hetero-oligosaccharides that are generally highly branched, containing multiple structural isomers and no intrinsic chromophores, presenting a challenge to both their resolution and quantitative detection.

While liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) has become the primary strategy for analysis of various compounds, the very polar and chromophore-free properties of native glycans hinder their separation in LC and ionization in MS. Various labeling approaches have been developed to achieve separation of glycans with higher resolution and greater sensitivity of detection. Here, we compared five commonly used labeling techniques [by 2-aminobenzamide, 2-aminopyridine, 2-aminobenzoic acid (2-AA), 2,6-diaminopyridine, and 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone] for analyzing HMOs specifically under hydrophilic-interaction chromatography-mass spectrometry molecular ions, the enhanced sensitivity with the least structural selectivity, and the sequencing-informative tandem MS fragmentation spectra for the widest range of HMOs; therefore, this labeling technique was selected for further optimization under the porous graphitized carbon chromatography-mass spectrometry (PGC-MS) conditions.
Here's my website: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lacto-N-tetraose