Notes

B cell response was evaluated by measuring IgG anti-spike/receptor binding domain (S/RBD) and anti-nucleocapsid(N) antibodies by ELISA
Neutralization antibodies were also assessed with an alpha-S protein-expressing pseudo-virus assay. The T cell response was analyzed by IFN-γ secretion on S- or N-stimulated PBMC by ELISPOT and the frequency of S-specific circulating T follicular-helper cells (TFH) was evaluated by flow cytometry.No moderate/severe vaccine-associated adverse events were observed. Anti-S/RBD titers showed significant differences in both pediatric and adult IEI patients versus the age-matched HC cohort (p < 0.05). Neutralizing antibodies were also significantly lower in the patient cohort than in age-matched HC (p < 0.

01). Positive S-specific IFN-γ response was observed in 84.5% of IEI patients and 82.1% presented S-specific TFH cells. Moderna vaccines, which were mainly administered in the pediatric population, elicited a stronger humoral response in IEI patients, both in antibody titer and neutralization capacity, but the cellular immune response was similar between vaccine platforms. No difference in humoral response was observed between vaccinated patients with and without previous SARS-CoV-2 infection.In conclusion, COVID-19 vaccines showed safety in IEI patients and, although immunogenicity was lower than HC, they showed specific anti-S/RBD IgG, neutralizing antibody titers, and T cell-dependent cellular immunity with IFN-γ secreting cells.

These findings may guide the recommendation for a vaccination with all the available vaccines in IEI patients to prevent COVID-19 disease.Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.Biociencias, Biotecnología y Biología Traslacional (IB3) e Instituto de Química Biológica (IQUIBICEN), FCEN, UBA, CONICET, Buenos Aires, CABA, Argentina.Interzonal Especializado Materno Infantil Don Vitorio Tetamanti, Mar del Plata, Biociencias, Biotecnología y Biología Traslacional (IB3) e Instituto de Química Biológica (IQUIBICEN), FCEN, UBA, CONICET, Buenos Aires, CABA, Argentina.Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), UNLP, CONICET, Asociado a CIC PBA, UNLP, Biociencias, Biotecnología y Biología Traslacional (IB3) e Instituto de Química Biológica (IQUIBICEN), FCEN, UBA, CONICET, Buenos Aires, CABA, Argentina.Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), UNLP, CONICET, Asociado a CIC PBA, UNLP, Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), UNLP, CONICET, Asociado a CIC PBA, UNLP, Interzonal Especializado Materno Infantil Don Vitorio Tetamanti, Mar del Plata, Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), UNLP, CONICET, Asociado a CIC PBA, UNLP, Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), UNLP, CONICET, Asociado a CIC PBA, UNLP, Biociencias, Biotecnología y Biología Traslacional (IB3) e Instituto de Química Biológica (IQUIBICEN), FCEN, UBA, CONICET, Buenos Aires, CABA, Argentina.(INQUIMAE), CONICET, FCEN, UBA, Buenos Aires, CABA, Argentina.

Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), UNLP, CONICET, Asociado a CIC PBA, UNLP, Biociencias, Biotecnología y Biología Traslacional (IB3) e Instituto de Química Biológica (IQUIBICEN), FCEN, UBA, CONICET, Buenos Aires, CABA, Argentina. to multiple small (trickle) Schistosoma mansoni cercarial challenges. C57BL/6 mice were immunized with either 50 Krad-irradiated cercariae or a soluble worm antigenic extract injected intradermally in conjunction with the adjuvant BCG. A series of cercarial challenges (40 cercariae per exposure), beginning approximately one month after immunization, was given at 4-week intervals. To prevent chitosan benefits of egg-related pathology, the mice were exposed to male cercariae only. chitosan showed that highly significant levels of protection developed at all times after cercarial challenge.
Here's my website: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chitosan