Notes

Reduction Biofilm Cell Mass Concentration
A minimum concentration of 05 to 0% of these antimicrobial agents was needed to reduce a 7-log CFU biofilm mass to a nondetectable level on both polystyrene and stainless steel surfaces within Time course of biofilm formation by Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus Biofilm formation is considered a selective advantage for staphylococci mastitis isolates, facilitating bacterial persistence in the udder. Colanic acid requires attachment to mammary epithelium, proliferation and accumulation of cells in multilayers and enclosing in a polymeric matrix, being regulated by several loci. As biofilm formation can proceed through different pathways and time ranges, its detection may differ according to the time of observation. This study aimed at evaluating the time course evolution of biofilm production in Staphylococcus aureus (n = 26) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (n = 29) mastitis isolates by Fluorescent In Situ Hybridisation. Biofilm-forming ability increased a significant difference was found between 24 and 48 h (Wilcoxon matched paired test, p < 05), no significant difference was found between 24 and 48 h (p > point (p < 05). Bacterial biofilms may impair eradication of chronic mastitis, rendering antibiotherapy less effective.

Detection of biofilm-forming ability in mastitis isolates may provide useful information for the establishment of a more adequate therapeutic regimen, in view of the antimicrobial concentrations required for bacterial control. However, it is essential that biofilm formation time course is taken into consideration. [Development of an Enterococcus faecalis periapical biofilm model for in vitro OBJECTIVE: This study aims to develop and observe a model system of the periapical biofilm structure of Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis). METHODS: A total of 24 intact human single-rooted premolars extracted for orthodontic reasons were collected and randomly divided into eight groups (n = faecalis (ATCC 29212) suspension adjusted to 1 x 10(8) CFU x mL(-1), and scanning electron microscope to examine the biofilm formation. The specimens in the confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) groups were stained with propidium iodide (PI) and ConA-fluorescein isothiocyanate (ConA-FITC) to examine the biofilm formation. The images were randomized, and biofilm coverage (%) was RESULTS: The biofilm coverage (%) on the cementum increased with increasing incubation period.

The biofilm coverage of the 7 d group was significantly higher than those of the 1 and 2 d groups (P < 05). The values of the latter two groups were not significantly different (P > 05). Dense aggregations composed of E. faecalis and the amorphous matrix were observed on the root cementum surfaces of the specimens in the 7 d group. The bacteria were stained red by PI, and the matrix was stained green by ConA-FITC under CLSM observation. The biofilm coverage (%) on the samples in the 7 d group was 173% +/- 12%, showing multi-level space structure and water channels. CONCLUSION: E.

faecalis forms bacterial biofilms on the root cementum surface in 目的: 通过体外实验建立根尖生物膜模型，观察粪肠球菌根尖生物膜模型的形态及结构。 方法: 选取人新鲜拔除的单根离体牙24颗，随机分为8组，每组3颗，浸泡于粪肠球菌ATCC 29212菌悬液中，分别于1、2、7 d建立根尖生物膜模型。使用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）观察生物膜形成过程；使用碘化丙啶（PI）和刀豆球蛋白A异硫氰酸荧光素（ConA-FITC）对生物膜细菌及细胞外基质进行双染色，通过激光共聚焦扫描电子显微镜（CLSM）观察其形态和结构；计算生物膜覆盖率。 结果: 随时间的增加，根尖样本表面细菌覆盖面积增加，7 d组与1、2 d组间的差异存在统计学意义（P<05），1 d与2 d组形成生物膜结构，其样本表面的覆盖率为173%±12%，样本表面有大量细菌附着，细菌被细胞外基质包绕，并呈群落分布。生物膜中的细菌被PI染成红色，细胞外基质被ConA-FITC染成绿色，可见多层次的空间结构以及亲水性通道。 结论: Extracellular polymeric substances d时形成完整的生物膜结构，由细菌群落及其周围大量的不定型基质组成。 Effects of Nidus Vespae extract and chemical fractions on glucosyltransferases, adherence and biofilm formation of Streptococcus mutans. Nidus Vespae (the honeycomb of Polistes olivaceous, P. japonicus Saussure and Parapolybiavaria fabricius) have been extensively used in traditional Chinese medicine, given their multiple pharmacological activities, including properties. The present study evaluated the anti-glucosyltransferases (GTFs) activity, anti-adherence and anti-biofilm properties of 95% ethanol/water extract, cyclohexane/ethyl acetate, petroleum ether/ethyl acetate and chloroform/methanol fractions of Nidus Vespae. Chloroform/methanol fraction showed a remarkable capacity for inhibiting the adherence of Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175 to saliva-coated hydroxyapatite disc (S-HA) at sub-MC concentrations. In addition, the Nidus Vespae extract and chemical fractions significantly inhibited the activity of cell-associated and extracellular GTFs at sub-MIC concentrations, and the chloroform/methanol fraction was the most effective one.
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