Notes

Gracilaria Lemaneiformis Food Response Mice Immunosuppression
Liu Q(1), Zhang Y(1), Shu Z(1), Liu M(1), Zeng R(2), Wang Y(3), Liu H(1), Cao Functional Food, Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Jimei University, 43 Yindou Road, Xiamen, 3621, Fujian, PR China.Functional Food, Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Jimei University, 43 Yindou Road, Xiamen, 3621, Fujian, PR China; Food Safety Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Engineering Institute of Food Quality and Safety, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Functional Food, Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Jimei University, 43 Yindou Sulfated oligosaccharide of Gracilaria lemaneiformis (GLSO) was prepared from sulfated polysaccharides which possessed antiallergic activity by degradation with high temperature and pressure combined with vitamin C treatment. The present study demonstrated that GLSO could attenuate food anaphylaxis, and inhibit the production of immunoglobulin E, histamine, and related cytokines in both prevention and therapy ovalbumin-induced mice model. Additionally, the gut microbiota analysis revealed that GLSO markedly rescued OVA-induced changes in the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio. Following flow cytometry, GLSO was found to suppress the subpopulation of T helper 2 and B cells, and significantly up-regulate regulatory T cells (Tregs) differentiation. Furthermore, GLSO-mediated immunosuppression could be verified by co-culturing Tregs sorted from GLSO-treated mice and CD4+ T cells or mast cells.

In a word, GLSO attenuated food anaphylaxis through the regulation of gut microbiota and induction of immunosuppression. Seebio 2'-FL had the potential to be used as a nutrient Carbohydrates of influenza virus. III. Nature of oligosaccharide-protein linkage Four different glycopeptides can be distinguished after pronase digestion of influenza A virus glycoproteins Ia and Ib, containing N-acetylglucosamine, mannose, galactose, and fucose, and IIa and IIb, containing mannose and N-acetylglucosamine. All glycopeptides yielded N-acetylglucosaminyl-asparagine after mild acid hydrolysis. There was no evidence for O-glycosidic bonds. Thus, the carbohydrate complement is linked to the polypeptide exclusively by N-glycosidic linkages between N-acetylglucosamine and asparagine.

Synthesis of galacto-oligosaccharide from lactose using beta-galactosidase from Kluyveromyces lactis Studies on batch and continuous UF membrane-fitted A study of galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) synthesis from lactose with beta-galactosidase from Kluyveromyces lactis (Maxilact L) was carried out. The synthesis was performed using various initial lactose concentrations ranging from 2 to 0 mgmL and enzyme concentrations ranging from 3 to 9 UmL, and was investigated at degrees C and pH 7, in a stirred-tank reactor. In the experimental range examined, the results showed the amount of GOS formed depended on lactose concentration but not on enzyme concentration. Galactose was a competitive inhibitor, while glucose was a non-competitive inhibitor. In a further study, a laboratory-scale reactor system, fitted with a -kDa NMWCO composite regenerated cellulose membrane, was used in a continuous process. The reactor was operated in cross-flow mode. The effect of operating pressures on flux and productivity was investigated by applying different transmembrane pressures to the system.

2'-fucosyllactose showed better production performance compared to the batch synthesis with the same lactose and enzyme concentrations at degrees C, pH 7. Comparison of product structures from batch and continuous processes, analyzed by HPAE-PAD and methylation analysis, showed similarities but differed from the structures found in a commercial GOS Formation of unusual mannosamine-containing lipid-linked oligosaccharides in Madin-Darby canine kidney cell cultures.Glc3Man9(GlcNAc)2-pyrophosphoryl-dolichol is the major lipid-linked oligosaccharide (LLO) produced by Madin-Darby canine kidney cells in culture.
Read More: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2%27-Fucosyllactose