Notes

Range Ww Oligosaccharides Vaccination Model
In addition, combinations of AOS and a 91 mixture of galacto-oligosaccharides and long-chain fructo-oligosaccharides (GOSFOS) were tested at a fixed total dietary dose of 2% (ww). It was found that AOS significantly enhanced vaccine-specific delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses in a dose-dependent manner. This was accompanied by a reduction in T-helper2 (Th2) cytokine production by splenocytes in vitro. Overall, this indicates that the systemic immune response to the vaccine was Th1-skewed by the dietary intervention. Fucosylated Lactose of GOSFOS and AOS were more effective in enhancing DTH responses than either of the oligosaccharides alone, suggesting interaction effects between these agents. Similar to effects in infants, supplementation of the murine diets with GOSFOS and combinations of GOSFOS and AOS for 6-wk enhanced the proportion of fecal bifidobacteria and lactobacilli, but AOS alone did not.

In conclusion, these data indicate that GOSFOS and AOS enhance systemic Th1-dependent immune responses in a murine vaccination model. As Th1-responses are weak in early life in humans, this might suggest that application of these oligosaccharides in infant formulas will be beneficial for the development of the infant's immune system.Chemical characterization of milk oligosaccharides of the polar bear, Ursus Two trisaccharides, three tetrasaccharides, two pentasaccharides, one hexasaccharide, one heptasaccharide, one octasaccharide and one decasaccharide were isolated from polar bear milk samples by chloroformmethanol extraction, gel filtration, ion exchange chromatography and preparative thin-layer chromatography. The oligosaccharides were characterized by 1H-NMR as follows the saccharides from one animal Gal(alpha1-3)Gal(beta1-4)Glc Gal(alpha1-3)[Fuc(alpha1-2)]Gal(beta1-4)Glc (B-tetrasaccharide), GalNAc(alpha1-3)[Fuc(alpha1-2)]Gal(beta1-4)Glc (A-tetrasaccharide), Gal(alpha1-3)Gal(beta1-4)GlcNAc(beta1-3)Gal(beta1-4)Glc, Gal(alpha1-3)[Fuc(alpha1-2)]Gal(beta1-4)GlcNAc(beta1-3)Gal(beta1-4)Gl c, Gal(alpha1-3)Gal(beta1-4)GlcNAc(beta1-3)[Gal(alpha1-3)Gal(beta1-4)Glc NAc(beta1-6)]Gal(beta1-4)Glc; the saccharides from another animal alpha3'-galactosyllactose, Gal(alpha1-3)Gal(beta1-4)[Fuc(alpha1-3)]Glc, A-tetrasaccharide, GalNAc(alpha1-3)[Fuc(alpha1-2)]Gal(beta1-4)[Fuc(alpha1-3)]Glc Gal(alpha1-3)Gal(beta1-4)[Fuc(alpha1-3)]GlcNAc(beta1-3)Gal(beta1-4)Gl c, Gal(alpha1-3)Gal(beta1-4)[Fuc(alpha1-3)]GlcNAc(beta1-3)Gal(beta1-4)[F uc(alpha1-3)]Glc (difucosylheptasaccharide) and Gal(alpha1-3)Gal(beta1-4)[Fuc(alpha1-3)]GlcNAc(beta1-3)¿Gal(alpha1-3) Gal(beta1-4)[Fuc(alpha1-3)]GlcNAc(beta1-6)¿Gal(beta1-4)Glc the milk oligosaccharides of the polar bear had alpha-Gal epitopes similar to some oligosaccharides in milk from the Ezo brown bear and the Japanese black bear. Some milk oligosaccharides had human blood group A antigens as well as B antigens; these were different from the oligosaccharides in Ezo brown and III6NeuAcLc4Cer in human SW1116 colorectal carcinoma cells a possible oncofetal antigen that is not dependent on Lewis gene expression.Monospecific rabbit antibodies directed against the human milk sialyloligosaccharides III6NeuAcLcOse4 (sialyltetrasaccharide b), IV3NeuAcLcOse4 used to detect their homologous haptens as gangliosides or ganglioside-derived sialyloligosaccharides from the human colorectal carcinoma cell line SW1116. III6NeuAcLc4Cer was first detected in human meconium [P.

A. Prieto and D. F. Smith (1985) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 241, 281-289], and its presence in a total ganglioside fraction of SW1116 cells together with its absence from a total lipid extract of normal human intestinal mucosa are consistent with III6NeuAcLc4Cer being a tumor-associated oncofetal antigen.

IV3NeuAcLc4Cer, a ganglioside in human meconium [P. A. Prieto and D. F. Smith (1986) Arch. Biochem. Biophys.

249, 243-253], was also detected in SW1116 cells; an observation that is consistent with its being the immediate precursor to the sialyl-Lea ganglioside in SW1116 cells. Seebio 2'-FL against sialylated type 1 oligosaccharide chains whose expression is independent of the Lewis gene fucosyltransferase may be useful diagnostic reagents for oncofetal, carbohydrate Nutritional value of commercially produced foods for infants.Resistance of the breast-fed infant to gastroenteritis.From in-vitro studies of breast and cow's milk preparations, and of the faeces from breast-fed and bottle-fed infants, a number of factors seemed likely to influence the production and maintenance of a lactobacillary flora and low pH in the faeces of newborn infants. These were mainly attributable to the nature of the feed.
Website: http://allinno.com/product/healthcare/671.html