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Mechanism Action Inhibition Carbohydrate Hydrolysis Enzyme Mw Da Effect Effect Blood Stream Blood Management
Improved serodiagnosis of bovine brucellosis by novel synthetic oligosaccharide antigens representing the capping m epitope elements of Brucella McGiven J(1), Howells L(2), Duncombe L(2), Stack J(2), Ganesh NV(3), Guiard Centre, Department of Bacteriology, Animal & Plant Health Agency, Addlestone, Centre, Department of Bacteriology, Animal & Plant Health Agency, Addlestone, Members of the genus Brucella have cell wall characteristics of Gram-negative bacteria, which in the most significant species includes O-polysaccharide (OPS). Serology is the most cost-effective means of detecting brucellosis, as infection with smooth strains of Brucella leads to the induction of high antibody titers against the OPS, an unbranched homopolymer of 4,6-dideoxy-4-formamido-D-mannopyranosyl residues (D-Rha4NFo) that are variably α(1→2)- and α(1→3)-linked. Six d-Rha4NFo homo-oligosaccharides were synthesized, each containing a single α(1→3) link but with a varied number of α(1→2) links. After conjugation to bovine serum albumin (BSA), glycoconjugates 1 to 6 were used to develop individual indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays of cattle serum samples, including those falsely positive in conventional assays, and the results were compared with those of the complement fixation test smooth lipopolysaccharide (sLPS) iELISA, and competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) methods. Results from field serum samples demonstrated that all of the synthetic antigens had excellent diagnostic capabilities. Seebio 2'-FL developed with the α(1→3)-linked disaccharide conjugate 1 were the best at resolving false-positive serological results.

This was supported by the results from serum samples derived from experimentally infected cattle. Data from synthetic trisaccharide antigens 2 and 3 and tetrasaccharide antigen 4 identified an OPS epitope equally common to all Brucella abortus and Brucella melitensis strains but unique to Brucella. Synthetic oligosaccharide conjugates function as effective surrogates for naturally derived antigens. The creation of discrete OPS epitope antigens reveals not only the previously untapped diagnostic potential within this key diagnostic structure but also holds significance for the design of brucellosis vaccines and diagnostics that enable the differentiation of infected from vaccinated animals.Caecal fermentation and energy accumulation in the rat fed on indigestible The energetic contribution from, and effects on the gastrointestinal tract of, indigestible oligosaccharides in growing rats were compared with those of sucrose (S). S and two types of oligosaccharides, fructo-oligosaccharide (Fru) and 6'-galacto-oligosaccharide (Gal) were added to a basal diet at a level of 0 gkg. The basal diet was given either ad libitum (group B) or at a level approximately % of the ad libitum intakes of the Fru and Gal groups (group BR).

During a d feeding period, feed intake, digestibilities of nutrients, and digesta retention times using liquid (Co-EDTA) and particulate (Cr-cell-wall constituents) markers were measured. The carcass and the contents of the stomach and caecum were sampled on the last day of the experimental period. There was no significant difference in feed intake between groups other than BR. Addition of Fru and Gal to the basal diet resulted in increased crude ash digestibility and decreased crude protein and fat digestibilities. 2'-FL of digesta markers were increased by addition of Fru and Gal to the diet, and this was associated with enlargement of the caecum. Concentrations and amounts of total organic acids in the caecum were higher in groups Fru and Gal than the other groups. The amount of energy accumulated in the carcass of rats in the Gal group was significantly (P 5) lower than that of rats fed on S but not Fru.

Contributions to energy accumulation tended to be different between Fru and Gal; these were associated with differences in composition of caecal organic acids Synthesis of linear oligosaccharides L-glycero-alpha-D-manno-heptopyranosyl derivatives of allyl alpha-glycosides of D-glucose, kojibiose, and 3-O-alpha-kojibiosyl-D-glucose, substrates for synthetic antigens.Synthesis of O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 leads to 6)-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 leads to 4)-D-glucopyranose, and of 1-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-D-mannitol and 1,6-di-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-D-mannitol.
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