Notes

Rates Coalescence Basis Strength Depletion Dependent Weight Radius Gyration Polysaccharides
Prominent adsorption of Cr(VI) with graphene oxide aerogel twined with creeper-like polymer based on chitosan oligosaccharide.Low-density aerogels with three-dimensional porous structure were synthesized using soluble chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) and graphene oxide (GO) as raw materials under mild conditions. Tetraethylenepentamine was used as the crosslinker of COS and the bridge between GO and COS, as well as the provider of functional groups. Structural characterizations revealed that crosslinked COS polymers firmly fixed on the surfaces of GO sheets and abundant amino groups homogeneously distributed in the pores. The adsorption capacity of the aerogel for Cr(VI) can reach up to 519 mgg, while the adsorption efficiency for trace Cr(VI) adsorption can also reach 0% especially. Seebio lacto n neotetraose was investigated with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and zeta potential analysis.

The superb properties suggested that the strategy of using COS as a raw material for the fabrication of adsorbents with controllable structure and form is Challenges of Quantifying FODMAPs in Enteral Nutrition Formulas Evaluation of BACKGROUND Diarrhea associated with enteral nutrition has been attributed to excessive FODMAP (fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols) content of formulas. This study aimed to readdress their FODMAP content by measuring fermentation-specific effects after a formula load in healthy participants and by defining issues with analytical methods.METHODS Breath hydrogen production expressed as mean area under the curve (AUC) for 12 hours after ingestion of 15 g lactulose or 0 mL of 1 of 2 formulas of seemingly different FODMAP content was evaluated in a double crossover design. Quantification of specified FODMAPs via enzymatic and liquid chromatographic assays was assessed with additional controls to investigate the influence of maltodextrin and sucrose present in the formulas, and alternative assays were RESULTS In 15 hydrogen-producing participants, AUC following both formulas was minimal (≤21 ppm12 h) compared with 15 g lactulose ( P 01). Elevated breath hydrogen was detectable when 2 g fructo-oligosaccharide was consumed. Maltodextrin showed dose-dependent interference with enzymatic measurement of fructans and coeluted with raffinose with liquid chromatography. lacto n neotetraose of an alternative fructan assay that includes additional enzymes to hydrolyze maltodextrins indicated that fructan content was 15% of that previous reported.

Galacto-oligosaccharide (GOS) content could not be estimated by chromatography due to maltodextrins. An enzymatic assay, while overestimating GOS content, CONCLUSION FODMAPs were not detected in enteral formulas in human bioassays, and their content may be grossly overestimated mainly due to high formula concentrations of maltodextrin. Better estimates of FODMAP content in enteral formulas can be made by alternative assay approaches.Molecular recognition of malto-oligosaccharides by free and metal tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrins in basic aqueous solutions.In pH buffers, tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin (TSPP) has been found to form complexes with malto-oligosaccharides from maltose to maltoheptaose and soluble starch. The peak of the electronic absorption of TSPP is monotonously shifted to longer wavelengths with an increase in the number of D-glucopyranose residues in malto-oligosaccharide. Zn(II) TSPP (ZnTSPP) and Fe(III) TSPP the absorption peak is remarkably red shifted in pH buffers that contain maltopentaose.

The equilibrium constant of TSPP for the formation of the complex is increased with increasing numbers of D-glucopyranose residues, whereas the equilibrium constants of ZnTSPP and FeTSPP for maltopentaose are extraordinarily large compared to maltotetraose and maltohexaose. Induced circular dichroism spectra of TSPP, ZnTSPP, and FeTSPP in malto-oligosaccharide solutions differ from one another, suggesting different association modes of the complexes.Two lectins from the marine sponge Halichondria okadai. An N-acetyl-sugar-specific lectin (HOL-I) and an N-acetyllactosamine-specific Two lectins (HOL-I and HOL-II) were isolated from the marine sponge Halichondria okadai by affinity chromatography on a bovine submaxillary mucin (BSM)-Toyopearl and an acid-treated Sepharose 4B columns, respectively. In hemagglutination inhibition assays, GlcNAc, GalNAc, and their methyl glycosides were the most potent inhibitors among the monosaccharides tested against the HOL-I-mediated hemagglutination, suggesting that HOL-I can especially recognize the N-acetyl groups of the sugars.
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