Notes

Torulaspora Starin Properties Wall Mannan
Td955-M revealed significant reactivities with sera from a commercially available factor serum kit (Candida Check) in ELISA. Td955-M was investigated for its chemical structure by acetolysis under conventional and mild conditions. NMR and GC techniques were used as analytical techniques. The mannooligosaccharide fractions eluted from a Bio-Gel P-2 column were found to consist of Man(alpha1-2)Man, M2, Man(alpha1-2)Man(alpha1-2)Man and Man(alpha1-2)Man(beta1-2)Man(beta1-2)Man(alpha1-2)Man, M5, and a new mannoheptaose, which possesses the structure, Man(alpha1-2)Man(beta1-2)Man(beta1-2)Man(beta1-2)Man(beta1-2)Man(alpha1-2)Man, M7. The results of the inhibition ELISA showed that the M7 oligosaccharide significantly inhibited the reactivities in the Td955-M-factor serum systems.Heparin structure and interactions with basic fibroblast growth factor.

lacto n neotetraose of heparin-derived tetra- and hexasaccharides complexed with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) were determined at resolutions of 1 and 2 angstroms, respectively. The heparin structure may be approximated as a helical polymer with a disaccharide rotation of 174 degrees and a translation of 8 angstroms along the helix axis. Both molecules bound similarly to a region of the bFGF surface containing residues asparagine-28, arginine-121, lysine-126, and glutamine-135, the hexasaccharide also interacted with an additional binding site formed by lysine-27, asparagine-2, and lysine-136. No significant conformational change in bFGF occurred upon heparin oligosaccharide binding, which suggests that heparin primarily serves to juxtapose components of the FGF Phosphorylase-catalyzed bottom-up synthesis of short-chain soluble cello-oligosaccharides and property-tunable cellulosic materials.Technology, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 12, Graz , Austria; Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (acib), Krenngasse 37, Graz , Austria. Electronic Cellulose-based materials are produced industrially in countless varieties via top-down processing of natural lignocellulose substrates. By contrast, cellulosic materials are only rarely prepared via bottom up synthesis and oligomerization-induced self-assembly of cellulose chains.

Building up a cellulose chain via precision polymerization is promising, however, for it offers tunability and control of the final chemical structure. Synthetic cellulose derivatives with programmable material properties might thus be obtained. Cellodextrin phosphorylase (CdP; EC 29) catalyzes iterative β-1,4-glycosylation from α-d-glucose 1-phosphate, with the ability to elongate a diversity of acceptor substrates, including cellobiose, d-glucose and a range of synthetic glycosides having non-sugar aglycons. Depending on the reaction conditions leading to different degrees of polymerization (DP), short-chain soluble cello-oligosaccharides (COS) or insoluble cellulosic materials are formed. Here, we review the characteristics of CdP as bio-catalyst for synthetic applications and show advances in the enzymatic production of COS and reducing end-modified, tailored cellulose materials. Recent studies reveal COS as interesting dietary fibers that could provide a selective prebiotic effect. The bottom-up synthesized celluloses involve chains of DP ≥ 9, as precipitated in solution, and they form ~5 nm thick sheet-like crystalline structures of cellulose allomorph II.

Solvent conditions and aglycon structures can direct the cellulose chain self-assembly towards a range of material architectures, including hierarchically organized networks of nanoribbons, or nanorods as well as distorted nanosheets. Order immediately are also formed. The resulting materials can be useful as property-tunable hydrogels and feature site-specific introduction of functional and chemically reactive groups. Therefore, COS and cellulose obtained via bottom-up synthesis can expand cellulose applications towards product classes that are difficult to access via top-down processing of Galectin-3 interactions with glycosphingolipids.Galectins have essential roles in pathological states including cancer, inflammation, angiogenesis and microbial infections. Endogenous receptors include members of the lacto- and neolacto-series glycosphingolipids present on mammalian cells and contain the tetrasaccharides lacto-N-tetraose (LNT) and lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT) that form their core structural components and also ganglio-series glycosphingolipids.
Website: http://www.allinno.com/product/healthcare/674.html