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How Do Magnet Planar Headphones Work?

If you've not yet tried a pair headphones with planar magnetic drivers it might be difficult to wrap your head around how they work. Planar magnetic drivers make use of two flat magnets that are sandwiched between a thin diaphragm with conductors. This differs from the voicecoil actuator, which pushes a stiff cone back and forth.

The Diaphragm

In contrast to a traditional dynamic headphone driver that has dome or cone shaped diaphragm, a magnetic planar has a flat piece of flexible film. The film has conductors etched on it that interact with magnets placed on either side of the diaphragm. The diaphragm moves and reacts when the magnetic field generated by these magnets gets triggered by the electrical signal that flows through the wires. This movement creates sound waves that are then heard by you.

The diaphragm of the human body is a dome-shaped muscular membrane that separates thoracic (chest), and abdominal cavities. It is the primary muscle of respiration and is involved in inspiratory actions (exhaling air), such as breathing, sneezing, coughing, laughing, crying vomiting, and even parturition. The diaphragm is also an important role in expulsive movements, such as urinating, defecating and pushing the fetus out during delivery.

Due to the ultra-light and thin structure of a planar magnetic diaphragm it is a lot more responsive to changes in the audio signal than dynamic drivers. Planar magnetic headphones have a more delicate and precise sound than dynamic drivers.

One of the downsides of planar magnetic headphones is that they can have a bit more leakage than their dynamic counterparts, particularly at higher volumes. This is due to the motion of the diaphragm inside a magnet planar headphone causes a portion of the audio to be pushed outwards and towards the listener.

It's not a huge issue if you use headphones only in quiet settings or to watch movies. However, it can be a nuisance for active listening or public use. There are several options to limit the amount of leakage. They include the Audeze LCD-4 and HiFiMAN Sundara. In addition, some brands like Wisdom Audio are at the forefront of advancing PMD technology and have been working hard to resolve the issues that come with this type of headphone. They have developed a number of patents, which you can see on their products. Their flex-circuit-based planar-winding technology overcomes the limitations stamped copper windings have to give a greater utilization rate.

The Conductors

The conductors are what connects the diaphragm to the magnets and are responsible for producing the sound you hear. These are usually made from an amalgamation of aluminum and copper. They are then wrapped around the central magnetic core which is enclosed by a diaphragm and supported by the frame of the headphone. The magnetic core can be constructed from any type of material but is most commonly Neodymium. The core is the main component of any planar magnetic audio driver. It is made up of a series of nested layers of a circular helix with a diameter of 10-20mm.

The main benefit of planar magnetic drivers is that they produce an even larger soundstage than their dynamic counterparts. This is because when an audio signal arrives, the entire diaphragm vibrates instead of the tiny area that is attached to the voice coil. The larger surface area results in lower distortion levels, especially when the volume is greater.

moondrop venus planar magnetic headphones of a magnet planear is its ability to react quickly to the changes in the audio signal. This makes it easier to reproduce a variety of frequencies, and also produces an even more realistic and detailed sound. This is a great attribute for audiophiles who enjoy music that includes a variety of instruments and vocals.

The stacked design of planar magnetics reduces the variation between parts which makes them ideal for critical applications that require high reliability. They are more consistent and have lower distortion in the magnetic field when compared to traditional wirewound magnets. This is essential to the performance of electronic devices.

The Magnets

As the name suggests, a magnet is one that has magnetic properties. It can create an attractive or a repulsive force on certain materials, such as nickel, iron cobalt, and some steels. It also has the ability to draw or repel electrical conductors. This phenomenon is known as magnetism. It is created in permanent, temporary or electromagnets. Magnets are used in many applications, including electronic devices like headphones, mobile phones and laptop computers.

Unlike traditional balanced armature and dynamic drivers, which push a stiff diaphragm with the voice coil, planar magnetic driver technology employs a thin, light and flexible diaphragm that can vibrate to create an unidirectional sound wavefront instead of the narrow spherical wavefront common in most headphones and speakers. This results in a more clear and more spacious soundstage, and is known for rich bass.

The main drawback of planar magnetic drivers is that they require quite a bit of power to move the huge magnets within them making them more bulky and heavier than other types of headphone drivers. Many planar magnetic drivers require an amplifier in order to function properly.

The amplifier must be designed to match the power output of the planar magnetic driver in order to offer the best listening experience. The amplifier should also have an impedance that is high at the input to allow it to drive the planar magnet driver to its maximum output.

The planar magnetic driver is generally constructed to be dipole (radiating equally and in a different phase in front of and behind the speaker, like ESLs) or a Monopole (radiating only in the direction of forward similar to traditional headphones). The most popular design of a planar magnetic driver is a bipole with two poles that alternate on the south and north. Its shape permits it to be easily fabricated as one piece of metal and creates a solid field in the center of the faceplate.

Planar magnetic drivers are more efficient and have a lower distortion because of their dimensions. They are commonly used in high-end headphones where sound quality is crucial. They are also found in professional audio equipment like microphones and speakers. Due to their unique construction, they are also suitable for medical imaging and other delicate applications that require a high degree of precision.

The Seal

To perform well, planar drivers must be sealed very securely and precisely. A small leak could be a major impact on the sound quality and even cause distortion. This is why a lot of effort is put into creating the right seal for planar drivers.

In contrast to the majority of conventional headphone designs that are used, planar magnetic headphones should not have any gaps within the enclosure of the acoustic. This is because gaps will cause the diaphragm to resonate with different frequencies at the same time. The problem of crosstalk can impact the sound quality.

The most popular type of seal for planar headphones is the rubber ring seal. This type of seal is very effective at preventing air leaks. It is also extremely durable and can last a long time. It is important to remember that this type of seal may occasionally produce an unnatural sound. Therefore, it is important to select a premium rubber seal if you're planning on using the planar magnetic headphone.


The liquid crystal display (LCD) seal is another option for a magnetic planar driver. This is an advanced seal designed to prevent gaps from forming. It also can stand up to pressures of a great deal. It is a great choice for audiophiles looking for top-quality sound quality.

LCD headphones can give a clear and detailed sound. This is particularly true for high-end models, such as the Audeze LC-4 and HiFiMAN Susvara. However, it is also possible to find inexpensive LCD headphones that have similar high-quality sound.

It is also important to note that the planar magnetic headphone may create a higher sound pressure than standard dynamic headphones. The way they are built is the main reason. They differ from dynamic headphones in that they have two magnets that pull against the diaphragm. This creates a powerful force that generates high frequencies.

Planar magnetic drivers, a relatively recent technology in the headphone market are an innovative product. However, they have already begun to change the way listeners enjoy music. These headphones offer high-quality sound and are comfortable to wear. They are also simple to adjust.

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