Notes

Dealing With Dementia
People who live with dementia often take things one day at a time and try to continue doing the things they used to. This includes holding on to relationships, keeping regular routines and finding ways to compensate for their loss of mental abilities.

If you notice any changes in your memory or thinking skills, it’s important to see a doctor right away. A professional evaluation may reveal a treatable condition that can delay or prevent dementia.
Memory Loss

Memory loss is one of the main features of dementia. It affects how you think, plan and interact with others. You may have difficulty remembering new information, getting lost in familiar places, and recognising friends or family members. You may also have changes in mood and behaviour.

The first signs of dementia are usually subtle and occur gradually over many months or years. They include forgetting where you put your keys or losing track of conversations you’ve had. For this reason, it’s important to visit your doctor if you start having these problems.

Your doctor may refer you to a specialist for further evaluation of your condition. This involves a series of tests to measure your mental function. This can help them determine if your symptoms are caused by dementia, other medical conditions or a temporary condition like delirium. They may also prescribe medication to stabilise your symptoms. This might help with agitation or sleep and reduce the need for hospitalisation.
Problems Communicating

As dementia progresses, a person may find it increasingly difficult to express themselves or understand what is being said. This can cause frustration, anger and stress for both the person with dementia and their carer.

People with dementia may use different words or mix up the meanings of words. They may also switch from one subject to another and not finish their sentences. They may also have trouble hearing or seeing.

Communication problems can be reduced by using simple language and being patient. Avoid distractions such as television or music and make sure the person with dementia has your full attention. Talk slowly and clearly, calling them by name to get their attention. Avoid arguing, as this will only increase their frustration. Try to read their body language and emotions to help you interpret what they are trying to say. Avoid slang or nicknames, as they can be jarring for someone who is used to being addressed with respect.
Physical Health Issues

Although dementia can't be prevented, a healthy lifestyle might help delay its onset or reduce the severity of symptoms. Eat well, including a balanced diet of whole grains, vegetables and fruits, fish and nuts; avoid alcohol; exercise regularly; and maintain regular health screenings to prevent or treat conditions such as high blood pressure, diabetes and heart disease.

In the later stages of dementia, people may move less, which can lead to bedsores (pressure ulcers). Keep your loved one's skin clean and dry, and have them sit or lie in the same position for short periods only so they don't develop these painful wounds.

Behavioral problems associated with dementia, such as anxiety, depression and hallucinations, can be managed with medications and therapies like reminiscence therapy, validation therapy and reality orientation. Psychiatric providers or specialists in dementia care can use these techniques to alleviate distress and related behaviors, improve your loved one's quality of life, and encourage their continued independence.
Behavioral Issues

Many people with dementia develop a variety of behavioral issues that require caregiving. Some examples include physical or verbal agitation, screaming and aggression, wandering, uncooperativeness, hallucinations and delusions, self-injurious behaviors, sleep disturbances and pacing.

Behavioral problems are some of the most difficult challenges of dementia care and are the leading cause of caregiver stress. When a senior’s behavior becomes dangerous or disruptive, it may be necessary to intervene with medication.

However, medications should only be used after other, non-pharmacological approaches have been tried first. These include modifying the environment to reduce potential triggers such as loud or unfamiliar noises, shadowy lighting and patterned wallpaper. Personal medical alarms Also, try reassuring and distracting the person with dementia. It’s important to keep in mind that the emotions underlying a particular behavior are real. Be careful not to stifle emotions with harsh words or commands. Instead, validate what they are feeling and encourage them to express their feelings. Pain can be another cause of atypical behavior. Look for signs such as wincing, moaning or rubbing/favoring a certain part of the body.
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