Notes

Control Orientation Influence Recognition Multivalent Ligands
A lateral association of trimers in the cross-linked crystals may reflect interactions within higher oligomers of MBP-A that are stabilized by multivalent ligands.Deducing polymeric structure from aqueous molecular dynamics simulations of oligosaccharides predictions from simulations of hyaluronan tetrasaccharides compared with hydrodynamic and X-ray fibre diffraction data.Molecular dynamics simulations of the two hyaluronan tetrasaccharides in water predict that over a period of 0 ps, their central linkages populate a single primary minima. Over the same period the peripheral linkages explore this minima, but also a secondary minima. Structures constructed using the primary minima were found to be extended left-handed helices of axial rise per disaccharide (h) to 1 nm and 2 to 4 disaccharides per turn (n), in good agreement with n=3 and n=4 helices found by X-ray fibre diffraction studies. We have used the predicted average conformation from molecular dynamics to calculate the translational diffusion coefficients of the oligosaccharide series up to decasaccharide, and compared these with experimental measurements obtained using the method of capillary dispersion.

Our calculated values are found to be in good agreement with experiment beyond the size of a tetrasaccharide. A partial digest of hyaluronan in the molecular mass range to 0 kDa was fractionated by gel chromatography. Molecular weights were determined by in-line laser light-scattering measurements, and the translational diffusion coefficients of selected fractions were determined by dynamic laser light-scattering. A similar experiment was performed on hyaluronan with a molecular mass greater than 1MDa. lacto n neotetraose suggest a change from rod-like to stiff coil behaviour beyond a molecular weight of kDa. We have also examined the conformations available using the secondary minima, found at the peripheral linkages. In contrast to the extended structures previously described we have found left and right-handed helices with high values of n (5-) and low values of h.

Although there is no experimental evidence for these structures, they are of interest as, over short stretches, they would introduce folds, loops, and turns into the hyaluronan molecule. Such shapes may play an important role in the hydrodynamics of hyaluronan and its interaction with lipids and proteins.Modification of solid lipid nanoparticles loaded with nebivolol hydrochloride for improvement of oral bioavailability in treatment of hypertension polyethylene glycol versus chitosan oligosaccharide lactate.of Ege , Bornova , Izmir , Turkey and.Nebivolol (NB)-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) were prepared and modified with chitosan oligosaccharide lactate (COL) and polyethylene glycol and lecithin were used for the preparation of SLNs by homogenisation method. After in vitro characterisation effect of lipase, pepsin, or pancreatin on degradation and release rate were investigated. Cytotoxicity and permeation were studied on Caco-2 cells.

As COL concentration increased in SLNs, size and zeta potential increased. lacto-n-neotetraose was reversely proportional to particle size with no change in zeta potential. Encapsulation efficiencies (EEs) were determined as 84-98%. DSC confirmed solubilisation of NB in lipid matrix. A sustained release with no burst effect was determined. The presence of enzymes affected the release. SLNs did not reveal cytotoxicity and highest permeability was obtained with PEG modification.

PEG-modified SLNs could be offered as a promising strategy for oral delivery of NB.Sensitivity of commercial agglutination and counterimmunoelectrophoresis methods for the detection of Haemophilus influenzae Type b capsular polysaccharide.Comparison testing of commercial latex agglutination, coagglutination, and counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE) reagents for the detection of Haemophilus influenzae Type b capsular antigen in cerebral spinal fluid was performed. Latex agglutination was the most sensitive ngmL), followed by coagglutination failed to react with high concentrations of capsular antigen, well within the range found during the course of meningitis.Structural heterogeneity of the sialic-acid-containing oligosaccharides from the lipopolysaccharide of Hafnia alvei strain 2 as detected by FABMS studies.The structure of four oligosaccharide fractions from the Hafnia alvei strain 2 lipopolysaccharide (LPS) have been assigned by FABMS. This approach corroborates data previously established by NMR spectroscopy for the major oligosaccharides in these fractions [A.

Gamian, E. Romanowska, U. Dabrowski, J. Dabrowski, Biochemistry (1991) 32-38; E. Katzenellenbogen, A. Gamian, E. Romanowska, U.

Dabrowski, J. Dabrowski, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 194 (1993) 58-64; N.
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