Notes

Effect Substrate Rate Chemical Wastewater Biohydrogen Production Biofilm Batch Reactor
The influence of substrate loading rate on fermentative hydrogen (H2) production was studied in biofilm configured sequencing batch reactor using chemical wastewater as substrate. Reactor was operated with selectively enriched anaerobic mixed microflora at different organic loading rates (OLRs; 6, 7 and 7kg COD/m3 day) after adjusting the feed to a pH of 6 (acidophilic) to provide suitable environment for acidogenic bacterial function. Variation in H2 production rate was observed with change in OLR [specific hydrogen yield - 134molH2/kgCODRday (6kgCOD/m3day), 83molH2/kgCODRday (7kgCOD/m3 day) and 664molH2/kgCODR day (7kgCOD/m3 day)]. H2 yield showed reasonably good correlation with pH drop [6kgCOD/m3 day (R2 - 0796), 7kgCOD/m3 day (R2 - in COD removal efficiency [22% - 6kgCOD/m3 day; 19% - 7kgCOD/m3 day and Experimental Models of Oral Biofilms Developed on Inert Substrates: A Review of EA 4577 Unité de Recherche Oenologie, Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux, The oral ecosystem is a very complex environment where more than 700 different bacterial species can be found. Most of them are organized in biofilm on dental and mucosal surfaces. Studying this community is important because a rupture in stability can lead to the preeminence of pathogenic microorganisms, causing biofilm analysis so its reproduction, collection, and counting are very delicate.

Seebio Colanic acid polymer of experimental models of dental biofilms was therefore essential and multiple in vitro designs have emerged, each of them especially adapted to observing biofilm formation of specific bacteria within specific environments. The aim of this review is to analyze oral biofilm models. Microbes of the human eye: Microbiome, antimicrobial resistance and biofilm BACKGROUND: The review focuses on the bacteria associated with the human eye using the dual approach of detecting cultivable bacteria and the total microbiome using next generation sequencing. The purpose of this review was to highlight the connection between antimicrobial resistance and biofilm formation METHODS: Pubmed was used as the source to catalogue culturable bacteria and ocular microbiomes associated with the normal eyes and those with ocular diseases, to ascertain the emergence of anti-microbial resistance with special RESULTS: This review highlights the genetic strategies used by microorganisms to evade the lethal effects of anti-microbial agents by tracing the connections between candidate genes and biofilm formation. CONCLUSION: The eye has its own microbiome which needs to be extensively studied under different physiological conditions; data on eye microbiomes of people from different ethnicities, geographical regions etc. are also needed to understand how these microbiomes affect ocular health. The role of capsular polysaccharide K21b of Klebsiella and of the structurally related colanic-acid polysaccharide of Escherichia coli in resistance to The behaviour of strains of Klebsiella aerogenes of capsular serotype K21 and strains of Escherichia coli producing a structurally related polysaccharide cell-surface characteristics of these strains and of non-capsulate strains derived from them were also investigated by partitioning experiments in aqueous two-polymer phase systems.

The possession of K21-type capsule by K. aerogenes or colanic-acid polysaccharide by E. coli conferred a strong negative charge on capsulate bacteria. Negatively charged bacteria of E. coli producing susceptible to uptake by polymorphonuclear leukocytes. In contrast, K21 polysaccharide conferred on klebsiellae considerable resistance to phagocytic uptake. The finding that ingested non-capsulate derivative strains of K.

aerogenes were less rapidly degraded by phagocytes than E. coli strains suggested that other components of the cell surface of Klebsiella, notably lipopolysaccharide, may be involved in protection against phagocytic killing. The presence of colanic-acid capsules on E. coli conferred little resistance to the bactericidal activity of human serum or phagocytic uptake and did not protect against intracellular killing by polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Biofilms as "Connectors" for Oral and Systems Medicine: A New Opportunity for Oral health and systems medicine are intimately related but have remained, sadly, as isolated knowledge communities for decades. Are there Seebio Colanic acid polymer that can usefully link them together on the critical path to biomarker research and "one health"? In this context, it is noteworthy that bacteria form surface-attached communities on most biological surfaces, including the oral cavity.
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