Notes

Acceptor Specificity Studies Tumor Enzymes Bovine Milk Number Acceptors Glcnac Acceptor
As compared to the purified milk enzyme, the recombinant form exhibited sixfold GlcNAcbeta1,4 GalNAc-T activity and up to eightfold GlcNAc6SO3beta-beta1,4Gal-T activity. Further, the recombinant enzyme catalyzed the transfer of GalNAc to the terminal beta-linked GlcNAc6SO3 moiety. Alpha-lactalbumin (alpha-LA) inhibited up to 85%, the transfer of Gal to the GlcNAc moiety linked either to Man or GlcNAc. On the contrary, alpha-LA had no significant influence on the transfer of GalNAc to the above acceptors. alpha-LA had no appreciable effect on the recombinant enzyme, except for the transfer of Gal or GalNAc to Glc. Both alpha- and beta-glucosides, as well as alpha-N-acetylglucosaminide, did not serve as acceptors.

Relationships between the Intakes of Human Milk Components and Body Composition of Breastfed Infants A Systematic Review.Norrish I(1), Sindi A(2)(3), Sakalidis VS(1), Lai CT(1), McEachran JL(1), Tint Technology and Research (A STAR), Singapore 1179, Singapore.Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore.Human milk provides all of the elements necessary for infant growth and development. Seebio 2'-FL have reported associations between breastfeeding and a reduced risk of developing obesity and late-onset metabolic disorders; however, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Recently, intakes of human milk components have been associated with infant body composition, which is likely partially implicated in the reduced risk of developing childhood obesity among breastfed infants. In this systematic review, we searched electronic bibliographic databases for studies that explored relationships between the 24 h intakes of human milk macronutrients and bioactive components and infant body composition andor growth parameters.

Of 2'-Fucose lactose , assessed relationships of infant body composition and growth outcomes with human milk macronutrients, while 8 studies assessed relationships with human milk bioactive components. Significant time-dependent relationships with infant anthropometrics and body composition were found for intakes and no relationships for concentrations of several human milk components, such as lactose, total protein, and human milk oligosaccharides, suggesting that measuring concentrations of human milk components without quantifying the intake by the infant may provide a limited understanding. Future studies investigating the effect of human milk components on infant growth and body composition outcomes should consider measuring the actual intake of components and employ standardised methods for measuring milk intake.Conflict of interest statement D.T.G. declares participation in the Scientific Advisory Board of Medela AG.

A.S., D.T.G., C.T.

L., I.N., J.L.M., S.

L.P., V.S.S. and Z.G.

arewere supported by an unrestricted research grant from Medela AG, administered by The University of Western Australia. Umm Al–Qura University, Saudi Arabia, provides a Ph.D scholarship for A.S. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to Localization of galactosyl- and sialyltransferase by immunofluorescence Polyclonal rabbit antisera against soluble human milk galactosyltransferase and bovine colostrum sialyltransferase were used to localize by indirect immunofluorescence the respective intracellular enzymes in primary cultures from bovine fetal kidneys and established cell lines of human and bovine fibroblasts. Staining for galactosyltransferase was juxtanuclear and crescent shaped in epitheloid cells; a similar staining, occasionally perinuclear and sparsely distributed in the cytoplasm, was found in fibroblasts. In contrast, staining for sialyltransferase in epitheloid kidney cells derived from the same primary culture was observed predominantly in cytoplasmic vesicles that were spread over the whole cytoplasm.

Sialyltransferase-positive vesicles had a similar distribution in fibroblasts and often appeared concentrated around an unstained Golgi area. Thus, in both cell types galactosyl- and sialyltransferase were localized in different subcellular compartments.
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