Notes

Thus, the 192 N-terminal residues specific to the long variant apparently confer some functional property needed above all in the liver sinusoids, but also at certain Electron microscopic study of liver fibrosis associated with diabetes mellitus
Electron microscopic studies of 13 cases of liver fibrosis associated with longstanding diabetes mellitus are presented. Comparing the centrilobular and periportal areas of the lobules there appeared to be a difference in the amounts of glycogen, fat, collagen and the character of mesenchymal cells. Centrilobularly, collagenization of sinusoids and pericellular accumulation of fibres appeared with the destruction of hepatic cells. In squalane oil benefits there was an accumulation of Kupffer's cells with active phagocytosis and centrally of Ito's cells and fibroblasts. The presented alterations were similar to the central pericellular fibrosis described in connection with morbid obesity. Despite the large number of available data on liver fibrosis there is still no satisfactory explanation for the pathomechanism of centrilobularly Cellular origin of the basement membrane in embryonic chicken/quail chimeras.

ordinary squalane cleanser of the components of the basal lamina of an epithelium, the chicken epiblast, has been investigated in a model system resulting from the transplantation of metabolically labeled quail hypoblast (an epithelium without basal lamina), associated or not with individual mesoblast cells, into an unlabeled chicken blastoderm deprived of its own hypoblast. The ability to discriminate chicken from quail cells after nuclear staining, combined with autoradiographic labeling of the basal lamina components, made it possible to determine the origin of the cells and labeled compounds in tissue sections of the chimeras. The transplantation of 3H-glucosamine or 3H-fucose-labeled quail hypoblast into a chicken host embryo, and subsequent culture of the chimeric embryo for 5 h, led to the transfer of labeled macromolecules from the quail graft to the chicken basal lamina. Pre-treatment of sections with several glycosaminoglycan-degrading enzymes with different substrate specificities suggested that the 3H-glucosamine-labeled compounds that are deposited in the basal lamina are glycoproteins and/or heparan sulfate proteoglycan. However, in view of our current knowledge of the cellular origin of the latter compound, this molecule probably originates from the epithelium itself. Transfer of 3H-proline and 3H-hydroxyproline-containing molecules (mainly collagens) from the graft to the host basal lamina was not observed. Chasing the labeled compounds with unlabeled precursor during culture of the chimeras did not influence the final autoradiographic pattern.

It is concluded that the basal lamina of the epiblast has a dual epithelial origin, resulting from the interaction of epiblast-derived materials and non-collagenous glycoproteins synthesized by the hypoblast. Evidence supporting the case of a non-epithelial, mesoblastic origin of non-collagenous glycoproteins was not found. An extensive review of literature on the epithelial vs non-epithelial origin of basement membrane components, mainly in mammalian species, is also provided.10016/j.joca015903. Epub 2015 Sep 28.Aspartic acid racemization reveals a high turnover state in knee compared with USA; Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27701, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School OBJECTIVE: We investigated tissue turnover in healthy and osteoarthritic cartilage.

We challenge long held views that osteoarthritis (OA) is dominated by a similar turnover process in all joints and present evidence that hip and knee cartilage respond very differently to OA.METHODS: d- and l-Aspartate (Asp) were quantified for whole cartilage, collagen and non-collagenous components of cartilage obtained at the time of joint replacement. We computed the Asp racemization ratio (Asp-RR = d/d + l Asp), reflecting the proportion of old to total protein, for each component.RESULTS: Compared with hip OA, knee OA collagen fibrils (P < 0001), collagen (P = 007), and non-collagenous proteins (P = 0003) had significantly lower age-adjusted mean Asp-RRs consistent with elevated protein synthesis in knee OA. Knee OA collagen had a mean hydroxyproline/proline (H/P) ratio of 1 consistent with the presence of type III collagen whereas hip OA collagen had a mean H/P ratio of 09 consistent with type II collagen. Based on Asp-RR, the relative age was significantly different in knee and hip OA (P < 0005); on average OA knees were estimated to be 30 yrs 'younger', and OA hips 10 yrs 'older' than CONCLUSIONS: The metabolic response to OA was strikingly different by joint site. Knee OA cartilage evinced an anabolic response that appeared to be absent in hip OA cartilage.

These results challenge the long held view that OA cartilage is capable of only minimal repair and that collagen loss is Conflict of interest statement: Competing interests The authors have no A novel homozygous point mutation in the COL17A1 gene in a Chinese family with generalized atrophic benign epidermolysis bullosa.We describe a Chinese family with generalized atrophic benign epidermolysis bullosa (GABEB), a non-lethal variant of junctional epidermolysis bullosa.
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