Notes

Hexasaccharide Leads Leads Leads
Seven of the remainder were identified as the milk oligosaccharides lacto-N-difucohexaose II, lacto-N-fucopentaose II and III, lacto-N-tetraose, 6'-galactosyllactose, 3-fucosyllactose, and lactose. The ninth component is a glucose-containing tetrasaccharide, alpha-D-Glc-(1 leads to 6)-alpha-D-Glc-(1 leads to 4)-alpha-D-Glc-(1 leads to 4)-D-Glc, previously found in normal human urine. The oligosaccharides were isolated by gel chromatography, preparative zone electrophoresis, and paper chromatography. 2'-FL were determined by sugar and methylation analyses. Sequence analysis of tri- and tetra-saccharides was carried out by gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry of reduced and permethylated oligosaccharide derivatives. The monosaccharide sequence in penta- and hexasaccharides was deduced from gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric studies of di- and trisaccharides obtained from partial acid hydrolysis of the parent compound.

2'-fucosyllactose were deduced from the optical rotation.Randomized Clinical Trial of Preoperative Feeding to Evaluate Intestinal Barrier Function in Neonates Requiring Cardiac Surgery.Zyblewski SC(1), Nietert PJ(2), Graham EM(3), Taylor SN(4), Atz AM(3), Wagner University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC.OBJECTIVES To evaluate intestinal barrier function in neonates undergoing cardiac surgery using lactulosemannitol (LM) ratio measurements, and to determine correlations with early breast milk feeding.STUDY DESIGN This was a single-center, prospective, randomized pilot study of 27 term-born neonates (≥ 37 weeks gestation) requiring cardiac surgery who were randomized to 1 of 2 preoperative feeding groups nil per os (NPO) or trophic postoperative [postop] day 7, and postop day 14), subjects were administered an oral LM solution, after which urine LM ratios were measured using gas chromatography, with higher ratios indicative of increased intestinal permeability. Trends over time in the mean urine LM ratios for each group were estimated using a general linear mixed model.RESULTS There were no adverse events related to preoperative trophic feeding.

In the NPO group (n = 13), the mean urine LM ratio was6 at preop,2 at postop day 7, and7 at postop day 14. In the trophic breast milk feeds group5 at postop day 14. In both groups, LM ratios were significantly higher at postop day 7 and postop day 14 compared with preop (P 5).CONCLUSION Neonates have increased intestinal permeability after cardiac surgery extending to at least postop day 14. This pilot study was not powered to detect differences in benefit or adverse events comparing the NPO and trophic breast milk feeds groups. Further studies to identify mechanisms of intestinal injury and therapeutic interventions are warranted.TRIAL REGISTRATION Registered with ClinicalTrials.

gov NC1475357.Conflict of interest statement The authors declare no conflicts of interest.Mannose-containing oligosaccharides of non-specific human secretory immunoglobulin A mediate inhibition of Vibrio cholerae biofilm formation.Murthy AK(1), Chaganty BK, Troutman T, Guentzel MN, Yu JJ, Ali SK, Lauriano CM, The role of antigen-specific secretory IgA (SIgA) has been studied extensively, whereas there is a limited body of evidence regarding the contribution of non-specific SIgA to innate immune defenses against invading pathogens. In this study, we evaluated the effects of non-specific SIgA against infection with Vibrio cholerae O139 strain MO and biofilm formation. Seven day old infant mice deficient in IgA (IgA(--) mice) displayed significantly greater intestinal MO burden at 24 hr post-challenge when compared to IgA(++) pups. Importantly, cross-fostering of IgA(--) pups with IgA(++) nursing dams reversed the greater susceptibility to MO infection, suggesting a role for non-specific SIgA in protection against the infection.

Since biofilm formation is associated with virulence of MO, we further examined the role of human non-specific SIgA on this virulence phenotype of the pathogen. Human non-specific SIgA, in a dose-dependent fashion, significantly reduced the biofilm formation by MO without affecting the viability of the bacterium. Such an inhibitory effect was not induced by human serum IgA, IgG, or IgM, suggesting a role for the oligosaccharide-rich secretory component (SC) of SIgA. This was supported by the demonstration that SIgA treated with endoglycosidase H, to cleave the high-mannose containing terminal chitobiose residues, did not induce a reduction in biofilm formation by MO. Furthermore, the addition of free mannose per se, across a wide dose range, induced significant reduction in MO biofilm formation.
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