Notes

Exercise training combined with Bifidobacterium longum OLP-01 treatment adjusts blood insulin opposition as well as bodily efficiency inside db/db rodents.
mic chilblains, chilblain lupus, and, less frequently, a thrombotic vasculopathy. Response to viral infection might trigger diverse mechanisms leading to the 2 histopathologic patterns described.
The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) cancer registry program is currently evaluating the use of archival, diagnostic, formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue obtained through SEER cancer registries, functioning as honest brokers for deidentified tissue and associated data. Telratolimod To determine the feasibility of this potential program, laboratory policies for sharing tissue for research needed to be assessed.

To understand the willingness of pathology laboratories to share archival diagnostic tissue for cancer research and related policies.

Seven SEER registries administered a 27-item questionnaire to pathology laboratories within their respective registry catchment areas. Only laboratories that processed diagnostic FFPE specimens and completed the questionnaire were included in the analysis.

Of the 153 responding laboratories, 127 (83%) responded that they process FFPE specimens. Most (n = 88; 69%) were willing to share tissue specimens for research, which was not associated with thSEER registry to work with laboratories in their catchment area to understand such policies and state legislation regulating tissue retention and guardianship.
Continuing education improves the quality of medical care and is a required part of most health care professions. Although a variety of educational modules are available online or at external conferences, completion of these activities can be expensive and time-consuming. In addition, externally produced modules may have limited applicability to a local practice.

To assess the ability of an economically efficient, locally produced, department-wide pathology educational seminar to efficiently meet education requirements for a large number of employees in a large health system.

A multiday continuing education symposium was produced annually from 2013 through 2019 at no cost to participants. Metrics related to attendance, number of educational sessions available for registration, and participant satisfaction were tabulated, trended, and compared with similar metrics tabulated from an external continuing education conference that was offered from 2011 through 2012.

The production of an internal, hospital-based educational symposium increased employee attendance (mean of 635 attendees per year versus 247 at the external program; P < .001) while reducing mean annual cost per attendee ($51 versus $140, P < .001). The number of sessions produced for the internal symposium was 39 per year on average, compared with 12 per year at the external program. Technical staff, residents, fellows, and faculty all contributed to internal educational programming, helping to build a team culture in the department. Overall employee satisfaction was 96.2%.

An internal educational pathology symposium led to cost-efficient distribution of continuing education credits to a large number of technical staff, with a high degree of reported employee satisfaction.
An internal educational pathology symposium led to cost-efficient distribution of continuing education credits to a large number of technical staff, with a high degree of reported employee satisfaction.
Body fluid specimens are regularly submitted to the hematology laboratory for cell count and differential. Unless there is high clinical suspicion for malignancy, most cases lack concurrent cytology review and may not benefit from more focused examination for malignancy.

To compare rates of malignancy detection before and after fluid-focused training for hematology technologists as part of a quality improvement initiative.

During an 8-week pretraining period, body fluids submitted to the cytology laboratory were correlated with concurrent hematology specimens. After slide review and training sessions for the hematology technologists, the same data were collected for a 4-week period. Discrepant cases were reviewed by hematology laboratory supervisors and pathologists.

We collected 465 pretraining and 249 posttraining body fluids with concurrent cytology and hematology evaluation. In the pretraining cohort, 48 cases (10.3%) were diagnosed as malignant by cytology; of those, 33 were detected by hematologe, an important quality improvement given the large proportion of body fluids undergoing hematology evaluation without concurrent cytology reviews.
Several countries of the Central America and Caribbean region have been sharing regional neuroblastoma (NB) treatment guidelines. However, there is no standardization in the diagnosis, subclassification, or tumor biology to aid in the risk stratification of these patients.

To examine the histology and assess the accuracy of the local pathology reports; to evaluate the usefulness of manual MYCN immunohistochemistry (IHC); and to use NB as a model to identify the needs to establish a central pathology review (CPR) program in this region.

A retrospective CPR of specimens derived from patients with a diagnosis of NB and treated under the regional NB guidelines between 2012 and 2017 was conducted, allowing for a comparison between local diagnoses and the CPR diagnoses. Manual MYCN IHC was performed in the confirmed NB specimens and the results compared with known fluorescence in situ hybridization or automated IHC results, when available.

The 156 specimens reviewed included 460 blocks and 183 original slidis approach can further regional collaboration, enhance test utilization, and ultimately improve patients' outcomes.
Distinguishing pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma from pleural sarcomatoid mesothelioma is challenging because of overlapping histology, immunophenotype, and clinical features. Reliable immunohistochemical markers to aid in this distinction would be very valuable. Recent studies have proposed that MUC4 expression is common in sarcomatoid carcinoma but not in sarcomatoid mesothelioma, with the converse pattern reported for GATA3.

To further explore the utility of MUC4 and GATA3 in distinguishing pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma from sarcomatoid mesothelioma.

Well-characterized cases of sarcomatoid carcinoma (n = 32) and sarcomatoid mesothelioma (n = 64) were included. Diagnoses were confirmed by thoracic pathologists with incorporation of immunophenotype, clinical, and radiographic features. Whole-tissue sections were stained for GATA3 and MUC4.

Patients with sarcomatoid carcinoma and sarcomatoid mesothelioma had similar mean age and male predominance. GATA3 was positive in 63 of 64 sarcomatoid mesotheliomt helpful in this distinction. Sensitivity of MUC4 for sarcomatoid carcinoma was low in our cohort, positive in only 38% with frequent patchy staining, but it was quite specific.
Immune checkpoint inhibitor (CPI) therapies are associated with multi-organ immune-related adverse events. Although colonic mucosal changes have been described, inflammatory changes incited by CPIs in the upper gastrointestinal tract have not been well characterized.

To investigate morphologic and immunologic changes incited by CPI therapy in the upper gastrointestinal tract.

We compared the morphology and immune cell phenotype of gastric and duodenal biopsies from patients treated with anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) or anti-programmed death receptor-1/programmed death ligand-1 (PD-1/PD-L1) antibodies with biopsies from patients with Helicobacter pylori gastritis, patients with celiac disease, and normal controls.

Gastric biopsies from patients on CPIs showed chronic gastritis mimicking H pylori gastritis. However, CPI gastritis demonstrated greater numbers of CD8+ intraepithelial lymphocytes, less lamina propria inflammation, fewer plasma cells and CD20+ B cells, fewer lympociated upper gastrointestinal injuries and common infectious and autoimmune diseases may provide useful discriminators when clinicians are confronted with gastric and duodenal inflammatory changes in patients receiving CPI therapy.Intensive agricultural practices have resulted in progressive soil degradation, with consequences on soil ecosystem services. The inclusion of service crops is a promising alternative to support the sustainability of the agricultural system. The aim of this study was to analyze in a six-year field experiment the effect of Brachiaria brizantha (perennial tropical grass) and Zea mays as service crops in a degraded common bean monoculture system in northwest Argentina. After six years, service crop treatments revealed a significant increase in most physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil (enzyme activities, microbial biomass, respiration and glomalin-related soil protein), compared with common bean monoculture. Also, a lower disease incidence was observed under B. brizantha treatments, associated with increased populations of Trichoderma spp. and Gliocladium spp. The phospholipid fatty acid profiles detected higher values of total microbial biomass under service crops. Our results suggest that the inclusion of several cycles of B. brizantha constitutes a promising soil management for recovering degraded agroecosystems.The described diversity within the domain Archaea has recently expanded due to advances in sequencing technologies, but many habitats that likely harbor novel lineages of archaea remain understudied. Knowledge of archaea within natural and engineered hydrothermal systems, such as hot springs and engineered subsurface habitats, has been steadily increasing, but the majority of the work has focused on archaea living in acidic or circumneutral environments. The environmental pressures exerted by the combination of high temperatures and high pH likely select for divergent communities and distinct metabolic pathways from those observed in acidic or circumneutral systems. In this review, we examine what is currently known about the archaea found in thermoalkaline environments, focusing on the detection of novel lineages and knowledge of the ecology, metabolic pathways and functions of these populations and communities. We also discuss the potential of emerging multi-omics approaches, including proteomics and metabolomics, to enhance our understanding of archaea within extreme thermoalkaline systems.One of the current aims of synthetic biology is the development of novel microorganisms that can mine economically important elements from the environment or remediate toxic waste compounds. Copper, in particular, is a high-priority target for bioremediation owing to its extensive use in the food, metal and electronic industries and its resulting common presence as an environmental pollutant. Even though microbe-aided copper biomining is a mature technology, its application to waste treatment and remediation of contaminated sites still requires further research and development. Crucially, any engineered copper-remediating chassis must survive in copper-rich environments and adapt to copper toxicity; they also require bespoke adaptations to specifically extract copper and safely accumulate it as a human-recoverable deposit to enable biorecycling. Here, we review current strategies in copper bioremediation, biomining and biorecycling, as well as strategies that extant bacteria use to enhance copper tolerance, accumulation and mineralization in the native environment.
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