Notes

Gluten-free and casein-free diets inside the treatments regarding autism.
This report concludes by providing suggestions for future designs of highly selective and stable Cu-based electrocatalysts for CO2 RR. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.Polydopamine coating, the first material-independent surface chemistry, and its related methods significantly influence virtually all areas of material science and engineering. Functionalized surfaces of metal oxides, synthetic polymers, noble metals, and carbon materials by polydopamine and its related derivatives exhibit a variety of properties for cell culture, microfluidics, energy storage devices, superwettability, artificial photosynthesis, encapsulation, drug delivery, and numerous others. Unlike other articles, this review particularly focuses on the development of material science utilizing polydopamine and its derivatives coatings at the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology for a decade. Herein, it is demonstrated how material-independent coating methods provide solutions for challenging problems existed in many interdisciplinary areas in bio-, energy-, and nanomaterial science by collaborations and independent research. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.Residual dipolar couplings offer additional information for structure elucidation by NMR spectroscopy. They are measured in anisotropic media such as lyotropic liquid crystalline phases of polypeptides. see more Today, some suitable polypeptides are known. Nevertheless, structural influences of these polypeptides on the alignment properties are not really understood. Thus the question, which influence a chiral side chain has on enantiodiscrimination and whether we can improve the enantiodifferentiation significantly by adding an additional chiral center in the sidechain, is of interest. Therefore, we synthesized new diastereomeric polypeptide-based alignment media with an additional chiral center in the sidechain derived from perillyl alcohol and investigated their properties (secondary structure, liquid crystallinity, etc.). The enantiomers of isopinocampheol and β-pinene were used as model analytes for the study of enantiodiscrimination. Additionally, the usage of 1H-1H-RDCs to improve the alignment tensor quality is demonstrated. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.Histone methylation, which is mediated by the histone lysine (K) methyltransferases (HKMTases), is a mechanism associated with many pathways in eukaryotes. Most HKMTases have a conserved SET (Su(var) 3-9,E(z),Trithorax) domain, while the HKMTases with SET domains are called the SET domain group (SDG) proteins. In plants, only SDG proteins can work as HKMTases. In this review, we introduced the classification of SDG family proteins in plants and the structural characteristics of each subfamily, surmise the functions of SDG family members in plant growth and development processes, including pollen and female gametophyte development, flowering, plant morphology and the responses to stresses. This review will help researchers better understand the SDG proteins and histone methylation in plants and lay a basic foundation for further studies on SDG proteins. © 2020 The Protein Society.NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Can remote liver ischemic preconditioning(RLIPC) protect rat brain against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury? What is the main finding and its importance? Pretreatment with RLIPC reduced cerebral infarct volume, improved neurological outcomes and inhibited neuron apoptosis. RLIPC led to increased phosphorylation of AKT, while inhibition of AKT abolished effects of RLIPC. Our data suggest that Liver ischemic preconditioning exerts strong neuroprotective effect against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by activating of AKT-dependent pathway. ABSTRACT Remote limb ischemic preconditioning has been shown to have beneficial effects in protecting brains against ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, little is known regarding the effect of remote liver ischemic conditioning (RLIPC). We therefore investigated the effect of RLIPC on brain tissues suffering from I/R injury. Rats were randomly assigned to a sham group, a control group or a RLIPC grouctor Enhancement (SAFE) signaling pathway . Accordingly, inhibition of AKT with wortmannin abolished the neuroprotective action of liver preconditioning. Our study showed for the first time that liver ischemic preconditioning effectively protects brain against cerebral I/R injury by activating of AKT-dependent pathway. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Zinc-iodine aqueous batteries (ZIABs) are highly attractive for grid-scale energy storage due to their high theoretical capacities, environmental friendliness, and intrinsic non-flammability. However, because of the close redox potential of Zn stripping/platting and hydrogen evolution, slight overcharge of ZIABs would induce drastic side reactions, serious safety concerns, and battery failure. A novel type of stimulus-responsive zinc-iodine aqueous battery (SR-ZIAB) with fast overcharge self-protection ability is demonstrated by employing a smart pH-responsive electrolyte. Operando spectroelectrochemical characterizations reveal that the battery failure mechanism of ZIABs during overcharge arises from the increase of electrolyte pH induced by hydrogen evolution as well as the consequent irreversible formation of insulating ZnO at anode and soluble Zn(IO3 )2 at cathode. Under overcharge conditions, the designed SR-ZIABs can be rapidly switched off with capacity degrading to 6% of the initial capacity, thereby avoiding continuous battery damage. Importantly, SR-ZIABs can be switched on with nearly 100% of capacity recovery by re-adjusting the electrolyte pH. link2 This work will inspire the development of aqueous Zn batteries with smart self-protection ability in the overcharge state. © 2020 The Authors. Published by WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.It is remarkably desirable and challenging to design reconfigurable ferromagnetic materials with high electrical conductivity. This has attracted great attention due to promising applications in many fields such as emerging flexible electronics and soft robotics. However, the shape and magnetic polarity of existing ferromagnetic materials with low conductivity are both hard to be reconfigured, and the magnetization of insulative ferrofluids is easily lost once the external magnetic field is removed. A novel reconfigurable ferromagnetic liquid metal (LM) plasticine (FM-LMP) with high electrical conductivity and transformed shape, which is prepared through homogenously mixing neodymium-iron-boron microparticles into the gallium-based LM matrix, and turning this liquid-like suspension into the solid-like plasticine by magnetization, is reported to achieve this. The induction magnetic field of FM-LMP is mainly attributed to the magnetic alignment of the dispersed ferromagnetic microparticles, which can be conveniently demagnetized by mechanical disordering and reversibly reconfigured through microparticle realignment by applying a weak magnetic field. FM-LMP with a low fraction of microparticles can be used as printable conductive ink for paper electronics, which are further exploited for applications including magnetic switching, flexible erasable magnetic recording paper, and self-sensing paper-based soft robotics using magnetic actuation. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. link3 KGaA, Weinheim.The goal of this paper is to introduce the false hope harms (FHH) argument, as a new concept in healthcare. The FHH argument embodies a conglomerate of specific harms that have not convinced providers to stop endorsing false hope. In this paper, it is submitted that the healthcare profession has an obligation to avoid collaborating or participating in, propagating or augmenting false hope in medicine. Although hope serves important functions-it can be 'therapeutic' and important for patients' 'self-identity as active agents'- the presentation of false hope along the hope continuum entails a misconstrued balancing act. By not speaking up against unrealistic patient and family requests-including some requests for rights to try, resuscitative efforts in terminally ill patients, or other demands for non-beneficial treatments-healthcare providers precipitate harms, i.e., the FHH. These harms arise on both individual and communal levels and cannot be ignored. The goal of this paper is not to offer a definition of false hope, because the phenomenon of false hope is too complex for any simple definition. Instead, this paper seeks to make four points while outlining the FHH argument consumer medicine and false hope are connected; providers and patients are very vulnerable in the system of consumer medicine; providers have a responsibility to stand up against false hope; and how the FHH argument could perhaps offer a footing to resist giving in to false hope. © 2020 The Authors. Bioethics published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.Controllably constructing nitrogen-modified divacancies (ND) in carbon substrates to immobilize atomic Fe species and unveiling the advantageous configuration is still challenging, but indispensable for attaining optimal Fe-N-C catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Herein, a fundamental investigation of unfolding intrinsically superior edge-ND trapped atomic Fe motifs (e-ND-Fe) relative to an intact center model (c-ND-Fe) in ORR electrocatalysis is reported. Density functional theory calculations reveal that local electronic redistribution and bandgap shrinkage for e-ND-Fe endow it with a lower free-energy barrier toward direct four-electron ORR. Inspired by this, a series of atomic Fe catalysts with adjustable ND-Fe coordination are synthesized, which verify that ORR performance highly depends on the concentration of e-ND-Fe species. Remarkably, the best e-ND-Fe catalyst delivers a favorable kinetic current density and halfwave potential that can be comparable to benchmark Pt-C under acidic conditions. This work will guide to develop highly active atomic metal catalysts through rational defect engineering. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.OBJECTIVES Nonimmune hydrops fetalis (NIHF) accounts for 90% of hydrops fetalis cases. About 15% to 29% of unexplained NIHF cases are caused by lysosomal storage diseases (LSD). We review the spectrum of LSD and associated clinical findings in NIHF in a cohort of patients referred to our institution. METHODS We present a retrospective case-control study of cases with NIHF referred for LSD biochemical testing at a single center. Cases diagnosed with LSD were matched to controls with NIHF and negative LSD testing and analyzed according to the STROBE criteria to the extent the retrospective nature of this study allowed. RESULTS Between January 2006 and December 2018, 28 patients with NIHF were diagnosed with a LSD. Eight types of LSD were diagnosed galactosialidosis 8/28 (28.6%), sialic acid storage disease (SASD) 5/28 (17.9%), mucopolysaccharidosis VII 5/28 (17.9%), Gaucher 4/28 (14.3%), sialidosis 2/28 (7.1%), GM1 gangliosidosis 2/28 (7.1%), Niemann-Pick disease type C 1/28 (3.6%), and mucolipidosis II/III 1/28 (3.
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