Notes

Metallic Thiophosphates with higher Mid-infrared Nonlinear Visual Performances: A new First-Principles Conjecture as well as Evaluation.
Nearly 72% of patients received antibiotic coverage before insertion. The complications developed per TT reduced over the years from 2008 to 2014 (12.6% to 4.4%). The average complication per TT after the protocol implementation (2009-2014) reduced by 7% when compared to the duration before implementation (2008).

The present study shows that standardized management of trauma patients who undergo TT results in a reduction in complications, helps improve patient flow, and ensures the proper management of resources in our high-volume trauma center.
The present study shows that standardized management of trauma patients who undergo TT results in a reduction in complications, helps improve patient flow, and ensures the proper management of resources in our high-volume trauma center.
Epidemiological analysis of traffic accidents can provide information for future plans to lower the cost and burden of road traffic accidents (RTAs). This study was aimed to determine the epidemiological characteristics of patients with RTAs.

We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study of RTA patients presenting in 2016 to the Emergency Department at Shahid Bahonar Medical Education Center in Kerman, Iran. A checklist including variables such as age, sex, month, in which the patient referred, final outcome, overall cost and the site of injury used to collect data. The diagnostic criteria were in accordance to ICD 10.

Of the total of 3277 patients who were studied, 2713 (82.78%) were men and 564 (16.66%) were women. Most of the accidents occurred at the age group of 16-30 years and the average cost of treatment in the hospital was 2152.45 USD. The most affected area was the lower limb. The majority of accidents occurred in spring and summer. The mortality rate was (2.74%).

Injuries and deaths due to RTAs are a major public health problem, especially in young age groups. Therefore, more preventive programs targeting young adults should be considered to reduce the burden of RTAs.
Injuries and deaths due to RTAs are a major public health problem, especially in young age groups. Therefore, more preventive programs targeting young adults should be considered to reduce the burden of RTAs.
Head injuries are the leading cause of traumatic morbidity and mortality. Timely proper management can reduce the mortality rate.

This study aimed to examine the effects of a fast-track system on reducing head injury mortality using the data in Southern Thailand.

A retrospective study of data from the medical records of severe head injury patients admitted to Hatyai Hospital from October 2012 to May 2017.

The records of subjects were selected for participants aged more than 11 years, having Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) <9, no injuries in other organs, and neither hypoxemia nor hypotension. A total of 193 participants fulfilling these criteria were analyzed. Of these, 108 participants were managed in the fast track.

The fast-track group was compared with normal track participants by using logistic regression after preliminary analysis to identify the risk factors using the Chi-squared tests.

After adjustment for confounders, namely acute subdural hematoma, linear skull fracture and diffuse brain injury, and mortality in the fast-track group (13%) was significantly lower than that in the nonfast track group (22.4%).

Using the fast-track system can reduce mortality from severe head injuries and should be implemented in the health services system.
Using the fast-track system can reduce mortality from severe head injuries and should be implemented in the health services system.
We aimed to study the clinical implication of high serum myoglobin levels in trauma patients.

A retrospective analysis was conducted on data from trauma patients who were admitted to a level 1 trauma center between January 2012 and December 2015. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed for the optimum myoglobin cutoff plotted against hospital length of stay of >1 week. Patients were divided into two groups (Group 1; low vs. Group 2; high myoglobin), and a comparative analysis was performed.

There were 898 patients who met the inclusion criteria with a mean age of 35.9 ± 14.6 years. buy (E/Z)-BCI Based on ROC, the myoglobin optimum cutoff was 1000 ng/ml (64% of patients were in Group 1 and 36% in Group 2). The mean myoglobin level was 328 ng/ml in patients with the Injury Severity Score (ISS) <15 versus 1202 ng/ml in patients with ISS ≥15 (
< 0.001). Patients in Group 2 had higher ISS (22.2 ± 10 vs. 18.8 ± 10), more musculoskeletal injuries (18.3% vs. 4.2%), more blood transfusion (74% vs. 39%), intubation (57% vs. 46.5%), and sepsis (12% vs. 7.3%). The length of hospital stays was significantly higher in Group 2, but mortality was comparable. High myoglobin levels had a crude odd ratio 2.41; 95% confidence interval (1.470-3.184) for a longer hospital stay with a positive predictive value of 89% and a specificity of 77%.

One-third of the admitted trauma patients have elevated serum myoglobin level, which is associated with the prolonged hospital stay. The discriminatory power of myoglobin value of 1000 in trauma is fair, and further prospective assessments are needed.
One-third of the admitted trauma patients have elevated serum myoglobin level, which is associated with the prolonged hospital stay. The discriminatory power of myoglobin value of 1000 in trauma is fair, and further prospective assessments are needed.
Brachial plexus block is popular for upper limb surgeries as it is effective for postoperative analgesia.

The aim of the study was to compare fentanyl and clonidine as adjuncts to a mixture of local anesthetics in potentiating postoperative analgesia in the supraclavicular block.

Sixty patients of the American Society of Anesthesiologist I and II undergoing upper limb surgeries lasting more than 30 min were included and randomly divided into two groups of 30 each. In clonidine (C) group, patients received 10 ml of 0.5% bupivacaine + 20 ml of 2% lignocaine with adrenaline (1200,000) and 1 μg/kg clonidine diluted till 35 cc with normal saline. In fentanyl (F) group, patients received 10 ml of 0.5% bupivacaine + 20 ml of 2% lignocaine with adrenaline (1200,000) and 1 μg/kg fentanyl diluted till 35 cc with normal saline. Patients were observed for onset and duration of sensory and motor blockade, duration of analgesia, postoperative pain, and adverse effects.

The mean onset of sensory block was faster in ll as prolonged analgesia.
Both clonidine and fentanyl establish a good safety profile. Fentanyl ensures a faster onset of sensory and motor blockade, while clonidine ensures a longer duration of sensory and motor blockade as well as prolonged analgesia.
The aim of the present study was to propose a new approach for 3D computed tomography (CT) airway evaluation-guided endobronchial blocker placement in pediatric patients, and to determine its efficiency in clinical application.

A total of 127 pediatric patients aged 0.5-3 years who were scheduled for elective thoracic surgery using one-lung ventilation (OLV) were randomized into the bronchoscopy (BRO) group and the CT group. The degree of lung collapse, postoperative airway mucosal injury, pulmonary infection within 72 h after surgery, and hoarseness after tracheal extubation; duration of postoperative mechanical ventilation, intensive care unit (ICU) stay and hospitalization; success rate of first blocker positioning; and required time and repositioning for successful blocker placement were compared between the 2 groups.

The degree of lung collapse, postoperative airway mucosal injury, pulmonary infection within 72 h after surgery, and hoarseness after tracheal extubation; duration of postoperative mechanical ventilation, ICU stay and hospitalization; success rate of first blocker positioning; and required time and repositioning for successful blocker placement were similar between the 2 groups (all P>0.05).

For pediatric patients undergoing surgery with OLV, preoperative 3D CT airway evaluation could be used to guide endobronchial blocker placement, with a blocking efficiency similar to that of BRO-guided blocker placement.
For pediatric patients undergoing surgery with OLV, preoperative 3D CT airway evaluation could be used to guide endobronchial blocker placement, with a blocking efficiency similar to that of BRO-guided blocker placement.
The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic has spread globally, along with its incidence among children. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical characteristics and outcomes of children infected with COVID-19 and to provide a reference for clinical work.

The study retrospectively reviewed the clinical characteristics and prognosis of 7 children diagnosed with COVID-19 infection at The First People's Hospital of Jingzhou between January 30 and February 29, 2020.

Of the 7 cases, 2 were male and 5 were female, aged 3 months and 14 days to 12 years old (median age 3 years old). There was 1 asymptomatic carrier, 5 cases with mild type infection, which had the main symptoms of cough (4/5) and fever (4/5), and 1 case of moderate type. Among the 7 cases, serum white blood cell count was increased in 1 case, decreased in 1 case, liver transaminase was increased in 1 case, lactate dehydrogenase was increased in 3 cases, creatine kinase MB (CK-MB) was increased in 2 cases, and C-reactivehou were infected via family clustering, and the laboratory examinations were not specific. Fever and cough were common symptoms, but all cases were mild and had good prognoses.
Although researchers have found that the microbiota changed during the lower respiratory tract (LRT) infection, little was known about the association between LRT microbiome and refractory
pneumonia (RMPP).

From June 28th, 2019 to March 23rd, 2020, we enrolled fifty-two children diagnosed with RMPP or non-refractory
pneumonia (NRMPP), and characterized the structure and function of microbiota in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) by metagenomic next generation sequencing (mNGS).

Based on Bray-Curtis distance between samples, samples in RMPP group were highly homogeneous, and Shannon index in the RMPP group was much lower than NRMPP group while Simpson index, which presents the degree of dominance, was higher in RMPP group. The dominant taxon with relative abundance greater than 50% was merely
among RMPP and NRMPP patients, but the proportions of other taxonomic distribution were different.
was the dominant species and occupied almost all niches in the vast majority of RMPP patients, wheMPP was much more homogeneous and simpler than that of the NRMPP group and with lower relative abundance of macrolide antibiotics resistance gene in M. pneumoniae genome. M. pneumoniae was absolutely dominant in the vast majority of RMPP patients. Prolonged hospitalization days was associated with relative abundance of M. pneumoniae in NRMPP patients while it was related with other pathogens' relative abundance (e.g., Streptococcus pneumoniae) in RMPP patients.
The Brace Questionnaire (BrQ) is a tool developed to assess the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) who receiving bracing as the primary treatment. It was initially developed and validated in Greek. The current study aimed to culturally adapt and psychometrically validate the BrQ in contemporary Chinese used in mainland China.

Translation of the BrQ from the original Greek into Chinese was performed. This study involved 70 Chinese adolescents between 10 and 18 years of age with a diagnosis of AIS and a Cobb angle measuring between 20 and 40 degrees. All patients received the same kind of brace for more than 4 months. Statistical analyses included internal consistency and the floor and ceiling effects of the BrQ. Subsequently, convergent validity was evaluated by correlating the measures in the BrQ with those in the Scoliosis Research Society-22 Questionnaire (SRS-22).

There were no floor and ceiling effects observed with the Chinese version of BrQ.
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