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Analyzing your psychometric attributes of the eHealth Reading and writing Scale within Brazilian grown ups.
Although emissions have a direct impact on air pollution, meteorological processes may influence inmission concentration, with the only way to control air pollution being through the rates emitted. This paper presents the close relationship between air pollution and meteorology following the scales of atmospheric motion. In macroscale, this review focuses on the synoptic pattern, since certain weather types are related to pollution episodes, with the determination of these weather types being the key point of these studies. The contrasting contribution of cold fronts is also presented, whilst mathematical models are seen to increase the analysis possibilities of pollution transport. In mesoscale, land-sea and mountain-valley breezes may reinforce certain pollution episodes, and recirculation processes are sometimes favoured by orographic features. The urban heat island is also considered, since the formation of mesovortices determines the entry of pollutants into the city. At the microscale, the influence of the boundary layer height and its evolution are evaluated; in particular, the contribution of the low-level jet to pollutant transport and dispersion. Local meteorological variables have a major influence on calculations with the Gaussian plume model, whilst some eddies are features exclusive to urban environments. Finally, the impact of air pollution on meteorology is briefly commented on.We have previously shown, using antibodies, that the sperm alpha6beta1 integrin is involved in mouse gamete fusion in vitro. Here we report the conditional knockdown of the sperm Itgb1 gene. It induced a drastic failure of sperm fusogenic ability with sperm accumulation in the perivitelline space of in vitro inseminated oocytes deleted or not for the Itgb1 gene. These data demonstrate that sperm, but not oocyte, beta1 integrin subunit is involved in gamete adhesion/fusion. Curiously, knockdown males were fertile in vivo probably because of the incomplete Cre-mediated deletion of the sperm Itgb1 floxed gene. Indeed, this was shown by Western blot analysis and confirmed by both the viability and litter size of pups obtained by mating partially sperm Itgb1 deleted males with females producing completely deleted Itgb1 oocytes. Because of the total peri-implantation lethality of Itgb1 deletion in mice, we assume that sperm that escaped the Itgb1 excision seemed to be preferentially used to fertilize in vivo. Here, we showed for the first time that the deletion, even partial, of the sperm Itgb1 gene makes the sperm unable to normally fertilize oocytes. However, to elucidate the question of the essentiality of its role during fertilization, further investigations using a mouse expressing a recombinase more effective in male germ cells are necessary.Cell division is essential for the maintenance of life and involves chromosome segregation and subsequent cytokinesis. The processes are tightly regulated at both the spatial and temporal level by various genes, and failures in this regulation are associated with oncogenesis. Here, we investigated the gene responsible for defects in cell division by using murine temperature-sensitive (ts) mutant strains, tsFT101 and tsFT50 cells. The ts mutants normally grow in a low temperature environment (32 °C) but fail to divide in a high temperature environment (39 °C). Exome sequencing and over-expression analyses identified Diaph3, a member of the formin family, as the cause of the temperature sensitivity observed in tsFT101 and tsFT50 cells. Interestingly, Diaph3 knockout cells showed abnormality in cytokinesis at 39 °C, and the phenotype was rescued by re-expression of Diaph3 WT, but not Diaph1 and Diaph2, other members of the formin family. Furthermore, Diaph3 knockout cells cultured at 39 °C showed a significant increase in the level of acetylated α-tubulin, an index of stabilized microtubules, and the level was reduced by Diaph3 expression. These results suggest that Diaph3 is required for cytokinesis only under high temperature conditions. Therefore, our study provides a new insight into the mechanisms by which regulatory factors of cell division function in a temperature-dependent manner.An electromagnetic piezoelectric acoustic sensor (EMPAS) was used to study the non-specific adsorption of human red blood cell-derived extracellular vesicle preparations. Vesicle storage history (temperature and duration) highly affected the obtained results The signal change, namely the frequency decrease of the crystal measured at 20 °C, was negligibly small ( less then 1 s-2) when the vesicle solutions had previously been stored at 4 °C, and was in the order of 10 s-2 when the vesicle solutions had been stored at -30 °C. Moreover, the rate of frequency decrease increased exponentially with the storage time at -30 °C. Upon a 4 °C storage period following the -30 °C storage period of the same sample, the measured frequency decrease dropped, suggesting a partial relaxation of the system. The results are explained by the disintegration of the vesicles triggered by the freeze-thaw cycle, likely due to the detachment of proteins from the vesicle surface as was proved by size-exclusion chromatography. Surface modification of the sensor crystal provided the possibility of signal enhancement, as the maximum rate of the frequency change for the same vesicle concentrations was higher on hydrophobic, octadecyl trichlorosilane-modified quartz than on hydrophilic, bare quartz. The EMPAS signal has been associated with the amount of detached proteins, which in turn is proportional to the originating vesicle concentration.Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera Aleyrodidae) is an important agricultural pest worldwide. Uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) are one of the largest and most ubiquitous groups of proteins. Because of their role in detoxification, insect UGTs are attracting increasing attention. In this study, we identified and analyzed UGT genes in B. tabaci MEAM1 to investigate their potential roles in host adaptation and reproductive capacity. Based on phylogenetic and structural analyses, we identified 76 UGT genes in the B. tabaci MEAM1 genome. RNA-seq and real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) revealed differential expression patterns of these genes at different developmental stages and in association with four host plants (cabbage, cucumber, cotton and tomato). RNA interference results of selected UGTs showed that, when UGT352A1, UGT352B1, and UGT354A1 were respectively silenced by feeding on dsRNA, the fecundity of B. tabaci MEAM1 was reduced, suggesting that the expressions of these three UGT genes in this species may be associated with host-related fecundity. Together, our results provide detailed UGTs data in B.tabaci and help guide future studies on the mechanisms of host adaptation by B.tabaci.A broadband differential-fed dual-polarized hollow cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) is proposed in this article. It makes use of the HEM111, HEM113, and HEM115 modes of the cylindrical hollow DRA. The proposed DRA is simply fed by two pairs of conducting strips and each pair of strips is provided with the out-of-phase signals. After introducing four disconnected air holes into the DRA, a broadband characteristic is achieved, with little effect on the antenna gain of its higher-order modes. To verify this idea, frosted K9-glass is applied to fabricate the hollow cylindrical DRA. The differential S-parameters, radiation patterns, and antenna gain of the DRA are studied. It is found that the proposed differential-fed dual-polarized DRA is able to provide a broad differential impedance bandwidth of ~68% and a high differential-port isolation better than ~46 dB. Moreover, symmetrical broadside radiation patterns are observed across the whole operating band. The proposed DRA covers the frequency bands including the 5G-n77 (3.4-4.2 GHz), 5G-n79 (4.4-5.0 GHz), WLAN-5.2 GHz (5.15-5.35 GHz), and WLAN-5.8 GHz (5.725-5.825 GHz), which can be used for 5G communications.We investigated whether income level has long-term effects on mortality rate in stroke patients and whether this varies with time after the first stroke event, using the National Health Insurance Service National Sample Cohort data from 2002 to 2015 in South Korea. The study population was new-onset stroke patients ≥18 years of age. Patients were categorized into Category (1) insured employees and Category (2) insured self-employed/Medical Aid beneficiaries. Each category was divided into three and four income level groups, retrospectively. The study population comprised of 11,668 patients. Among the Category 1 patients (n = 7720), the low-income group's post-stroke mortality was 1.15-fold higher than the high-income group. Among the Category 2 patients (n = 3948), the lower income groups had higher post-stroke mortality than the high-income group (middle-income, aOR (adjusted odds ratio) 1.29; low-income, aOR 1.70; Medical Aid beneficiaries, aOR 2.19). In this category, the lower income groups' post-stroke mortality risks compared to the high-income group were highest at 13-36 months after the first stroke event(middle-income, aOR 1.52; low-income, aOR 2.31; Medical Aid beneficiaries, aOR 2.53). Medical Aid beneficiaries had a significantly higher post-stroke mortality risk than the high-income group at all time points.Carbamide peroxide (CP) possesses a strong tooth bleaching activity, however, its clinical application is limited because of its instability in aqueous formulations. This study explores the improvement of CP stability and bleaching activity by loading CP in electrospun nanofibrous film (ENF). Polyvinylalcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, and silica were used as components for core-based nanofibers of ENF. Electrospinning feed aqueous solutions (EFASs) were developed for preparing CP loaded ENF (CP-ENF). Stability of CP in EFASs is significantly higher than in pure water. The highest stability of CP is found in PPS-CP3, composed of 0.5% CP, 5.5% polyvinylalcohol, 3% polyvinylpyrrolidone, and 1% silica. The results from X-ray diffraction indicate that CP is dispersed as a non-crystalline form in CP-ENFs. CP and the compositions of EFASs play a major role on characteristics and bleaching efficiency of CP-ENFs. Drug release of CP-ENFs is the first order kinetics. CP-ENF obtained from PPS-CP3 shows the highest drug entrapment efficiency, high adhesion, and suitable sustained release. Drug release mechanism is along with anomalous transport according to Korsmeyer-Peppas model. In an ex vivo study using human teeth, it shows the highest bleaching efficiency among the others. Therefore, CP-ENF obtained from PPS-CP3 is a promising ENF for clinical use.Phenolics from plant materials have garnered attention in nanomedicine research, due to their various medicinal properties. check details Caffeic acid, a phenolic compound that is abundant in coffee beans, has been proven to have anticancer effects, due to its reactive oxygen species (ROS)-inducing properties. Here, a supramolecular nanomedicine was designed using caffeic acid molecule and the synthetic anticancer drug bortezomib, via catechol-boronic acid conjugation and Fe(III) ion crosslinking. Bortezomib is a proteasome-inhibiting drug and its boronic acid functional group can bind to caffeic acid's catechol moiety. By having a nanoparticle formulation that can deliver bortezomib via intracellular endocytosis, the catechol-boronic acid conjugation can be dissociated, which liberates the boronic acid functional group to bind to the 26S proteasome of the cell. The ROS-inducing property of caffeic acid also complements the bortezomib payload, as the latter suppresses the survival mechanism of the cell through NF-κB inhibition.
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