Notes

Pharmacokinetic as well as pharmacodynamic qualities associated with aerosolized ("vaped") THC in young male and female rats.
The use of machine learning (ML) in healthcare raises numerous ethical concerns, especially as models can amplify existing health inequities. Here, we outline ethical considerations for equitable ML in the advancement of healthcare. Specifically, we frame ethics of ML in healthcare through the lens of social justice. We describe ongoing efforts and outline challenges in a proposed pipeline of ethical ML in health, ranging from problem selection to postdeployment considerations. We close by summarizing recommendations to address these challenges.
Attention networks learn an intelligent weighted averaging mechanism over a series of entities, providing increases to both performance and interpretability. In this article, we propose a novel time-aware transformer-based network and compare it to another leading model with similar characteristics. We also decompose model performance along several critical axes and examine which features contribute most to our model's performance.

Using data sets representing patient records obtained between 2017 and 2019 by the Kaiser Permanente Mid-Atlantic States medical system, we construct four attentional models with varying levels of complexity on two targets (patient mortality and hospitalization). We examine how incorporating transfer learning and demographic features contribute to model success. We also test the performance of a model proposed in recent medical modeling literature. We compare these models with out-of-sample data using the area under the receiver-operator characteristic (AUROC) curve and averagerequently overlooked in new model proposals, suggesting that it will be useful to explore these options further in the future.
We proposed an original construction of deep learning electronic medical record models which achieved very strong performance. We found that our unique model construction outperformed on several tasks in comparison to a leading literature alternative, even when input data was held constant between them. We obtained further improvements by incorporating several methods that are frequently overlooked in new model proposals, suggesting that it will be useful to explore these options further in the future.
A growing research literature has highlighted the work of managing and triaging clinical messages as a major contributor to professional exhaustion and burnout. The goal of this study was to discover and quantify the distribution of message content sent among care team members treating patients with breast cancer.

We analyzed nearly two years of communication data from the electronic health record (EHR) between care team members at Vanderbilt University Medical Center. We applied natural language processing to perform sentence-level annotation into one of five information types clinical, medical logistics, nonmedical logistics, social, and other. We combined sentence-level annotations for each respective message. We evaluated message content by team member role and clinic activity.

Our dataset included 81 857 messages containing 613 877 sentences. Across all roles, 63.4% and 21.8% of messages contained logistical information and clinical information, respectively. Individuals in administrative or clinical staff roles sent 81% of all messages containing logistical information. There were 33.2% of messages sent by physicians containing clinical information-the most of any role.

Our results demonstrate that EHR-based asynchronous communication is integral to coordinate care for patients with breast cancer. By understanding the content of messages sent by care team members, we can devise informatics initiatives to improve physicians' clerical burden and reduce unnecessary interruptions.
Our results demonstrate that EHR-based asynchronous communication is integral to coordinate care for patients with breast cancer. By understanding the content of messages sent by care team members, we can devise informatics initiatives to improve physicians' clerical burden and reduce unnecessary interruptions.
Provider burnout is a crisis in healthcare and leads to medical errors, a decrease in patient satisfaction, and provider turnover. Many feel that the increased use of electronic health records contributes to the rate of burnout. To avoid provider burnout, many organizations are hiring medical scribes. The goal of this study was to identify relevant elements of the provider-scribe relationship (like decreasing documentation burden, extending providers' careers, and preventing retirement) and describe how and to what extent they may influence provider burnout.

Qualitative methods were used to gain a broad view of the complex landscape surrounding scribes. Data were collected in 3 phases between late 2017 and early 2019. Data from 5 site visits, interviews with medical students who had experience as scribes, and discussions at an expert conference were analyzed utilizing an inductive approach.

A total of 184 transcripts were analyzed to identify patterns and themes related to provider burnout. Provider bur, despite their temporary roles.Research has documented elevated rates of co-occurring depression and anxiety in autistic adults, with some noting particularly high rates for autistic students enrolled in postsecondary education. Difficulty coping with the stressors that accompany daily life as they navigate college campuses may contribute to development or exacerbation of co-occurring conditions. Autistic students have reported that depression, anxiety and stress interfere with their success in college, but that they have difficulty identifying and accessing the supports that they need. Though many postsecondary institutions have established programs that provide academic supports to autistic students, few programs directly support mental health and wellness. Recently, stakeholders have advocated for mental health to be prioritized in adult autism research. We suggest that a specific focus on autistic students in postsecondary education is warranted and provide a brief overview of the relatively limited literature in this area. To inform development of mental health services and supports that will be both accessible and acceptable to the range of autistic students attending postsecondary education, research is recommended in four areas factors positively and negatively affecting mental health; types of supports; outreach; on-campus training and education. It will be essential for researchers to establish community partnerships with autistic individuals to inform study design and specific research questions. This will ensure that autistic voices guide development of supports that will foster positive mental health in postsecondary education and beyond.Enogen Feed corn is a variety developed by Syngenta Seeds (Downers Grove, IL) that has been genetically modified to contain an α-amylase enzyme trait (SYT-EFC). Originally, Enogen feed corn was developed for the ethanol industry due to its reduction in viscosity of the corn mash, thus eliminating the need to add a liquid form of the α-amylase enzyme. However, there is a potential application for Enogen Feed corn to be used in livestock diets due to the increase in α-amylase enzyme potential to increase starch digestibility. A more common method of increasing starch digestibility in corn is to finely grind it to reduce particle size. This increases the surface area and allows for greater interaction with digestive enzymes. We hypothesized that pigs fed Enogen feed corn potentially could achieve similar gainfeed ratio (GF) at larger particle sizes than conventional corn because of the differences in starch digestibility. In experiment 1, a total of 360 pigs (DNA 200 × 400, Columbus, NE; initially 6.6 ± 0.1 kg Becreased. For stomach morphology, there was a tendency for a corn source × particle size interaction (P = 0.055) for keratinization score with keratinization increasing linearly (P = 0.001) as particle size of the corn decreased for yellow dent corn with no change in keratinization score as particle size decreased for Enogen Feed corn. In summary, reducing corn particle size improved GF with no major differences observed between corn sources for overall pig performance.BCR-ABL negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) consist of essential thrombocythemia, polycythemia vera, and myelofibrosis. The majority of patients harbor the JAK2-activating mutation V617F. JAK2 inhibitors were shown to reduce symptom burden and splenomegaly in MPN patients. However, treatment options are limited after failure of JAK2 inhibitors. AXL, a member of the TAM family of receptor tyrosine kinases, mediates survival and therapy resistance of different myeloid cancers including acute myeloid leukemia and chronic myeloid leukemia. We studied the relevance of AXL as a target in MPN using primary patient cells and preclinical disease models. We found that AXL is abundantly activated in MPN cells and that its ligand growth arrest-specific gene 6 is upregulated in MPN patients. Pharmacologic and genetic blockade of AXL impaired viability, decreased proliferation and increased apoptosis of MPN cells. Interestingly, ruxolitinib treatment induced increased phosphorylation of AXL indicating that activation of AXL might mediate resistance to ruxolitinib. Consistently, the AXL inhibitor bemcentinib exerted additive effects with ruxolitinib via impaired STAT3, STAT5, and AKT signaling. Both agents had activity when employed alone and exerted an additive effect on survival and splenomegaly in vivo. Moreover, bemcentinib treatment normalized red blood cell count and hemoglobin levels in vivo. Thus, our data indicate that AXL inhibition represents a novel treatment option in MPN warranting clinical investigation.
To address the lack of information about clinical sequelae of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Previously hospitalized COVID-19 patients who were attending the outpatient clinic for post-COVID-19 patients (ASST Ovest Milanese, Magenta, Italy) were included in this retrospective study. They underwent blood draw for complete blood count, C-reactive protein, ferritin, D-dimer, and arterial blood gas analysis and chest high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scan. The primary endpoint was the assessment of blood gas exchanges after 3 months. Other endpoints included the assessment of symptoms and chest HRCT scan abnormalities and changes in inflammatory biomarkers after 3 months from hospital admission.

Eighty-eight patients (n= 65 men; 73.9%) were included. Admission arterial blood gas analysis showed hypoxia and hypocapnia and an arterial partial pressure of oxygen/fractional inspired oxygen ratio of 271.4 (interquartile range [IQR] 238-304.7) mm Hg that greatly improved after 3 months (426.19 [IQRr hospitalization.
Whereas inflammatory biomarker levels normalized after 3 months, signs of lung damage persisted for a longer period. These findings support the need for implementing post-COVID-19 outpatient clinics to closely follow-up COVID-19 patients after hospitalization.The Asia-Pacific region is undergoing rapid change, and family structures and functioning are not exempt from this. Economic growth and urbanisation greatly affect the livelihood of family households across the Pacific Island countries. These changes take place against a backdrop of increasing inequity, rapid growth in technology, changes in traditional employment structures and a changing climate. Key social indicators suggest that violence, abuse and exploitation of children in the Pacific Island nations challenge their most vulnerable and marginalised children (Save the Children, 2019). selleckchem To make the Pacific safe for every child, a number of nations are developing legal and regulatory frameworks for children's protection, with child and family welfare systems that address behaviour, attitudes and policies related to child protection concerns. This article examines key 'grey' literature drawn from UN, NGO and government documents, to offer an overview of what legal and welfare systems are in place in the Pacific Island nations in regard to child protection needs.
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