Notes

SARS-COV-2 vaccine: First-month outcomes of any six-month follow-up study.
CONCLUSION Gas gangrene of the upper extremities is associated to diabetes mellitus which highlights the severity of the disease.ntroduction In this paper we present the preliminary results obtained in our clinic with the use of BIOS screws associated with injection of growth factors in the treatment of cephalic necrosis of the femoral head. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the division of Orthopedics and Traumatology at Guglielmo da Saliceto" hospital in Piacenza were treated between 2012 and 2016 with the proposed technique 8 case of necrosis of the femoral head in 6 patients with a mean age of 41.8 years (between 31 and 60 years). All patients before surgery were affected by debilitating pain with VAS greater than 7 and functional limitation of the range of motion of the hip. Streptozocin in vivo In all patients was performed a decompression of the femoral head using cannulated screws BIOS and injection through the implants of growth factors. RESULTS Our results have been extremely positive. All patients treated at two months have reported the resolution of the pain that affected them before surgery and the recovery of the function of the hip. At the last clinishould therefore be considered a valid option in treating this pathology in young patients.OBJECTIVES To assess the long-term effect of growth hormone (GH) therapy in a large cohort of short children with different etiologies. PATIENTS AND METHODS We evaluated retrospectively the anthropometric data of 252 short children [height SDS less then -2 154 children with growth hormone deficiency (GHD), 63 with idiopathic short stature (ISS), 26 with SGA, and 9 with Turner syndrome (TS)] who were treated, in our center, with GH between 1-2007 and 1-2018. Before and during recombinamt growth-hormone (recGH) treatment, auxological parameters including height (Ht), weight (Wt), Ht - Z score (HtSDS), body mass index (BMI) and BMISDS were recorded every 6 months; bone age (BA) was assessed every 12 months. RESULTS At the end of first year of rhGH therapy and after an average of 3 years treatment all groups of short children had significant increase in HtSDS, which was higher in GHD compared to other groups. Children with GHD, SGA, ISS and TS increased their HtSDS by an average of 2.2, 1.46, 0.6 and 0.99 SD, respectively at the end of follow up period (for all groups, p less then 0.001). The bone age/chronological age (BA/CA) ratio did not differ significantly among ISS, GHD and SGA groups after GH therapy. The HtSDS gain was higher in children with GHD compared to other ISS, SGA and TS groups (p less then 0.01; p 0.015 and p 0.029, respectively). HtSDS improvement occurred during the first 3 years of rhGH therapy. The BMISDS increased significantly in children with GHD, after 3 years of rhGH therapy (p less then 0.001). After rhGH treatment, the BMISDS decreased significantly in children with ISS and SGA (p less then 0.01 and less then 0.001, respectively) but did not change in children with TS (p 0.199). CONCLUSIONS Children with GHD, SGA, ISS and TS exhibited significant increases in HtSDS when treated with rhGH for 3 years. The HtSDS gain was higher in children with GHD compared to other groups.OBJECTIVES To evaluate the association between various environmental factors and the anthropometric measurements of children and adolescents. METHODS This retrospective studywasperformed from September 2017 to April 2018 and included 393 children aged 2-18 years. Data were extracted through patient and/or parentinterviews and from medical records of endocrine ambulatory clinics. link2 RESULTS Among underweight children,the proportion of mixed-fed children was the highest, and among normal weight children, most were either bottle-fed or mixed-fed. link3 Most overweight children were mixed-fed, and most obese children were breastfed. Underweight status was noted most commonly in children playing videogames for 2 hours/day, did not exercise regularly, were exposed to indoor passive smoking, and had a high socioeconomic status had a higher BMI and weight than their counterparts. (www.actabiomedica.it).BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE WORK Urinary tract infections (UTIs) and recurrent urinary tract infections (rUTIs) are widespread disease and almost half of all women will experience at least one episode of cystitis during their life. Aim of this study was to review the evidence of literature about the therapeutic and preventive effects of a product containing D-Mannose, ElliroseTM and Lactobacollus Plantarum on patients' symptoms, quality of life and recurrence of UTIs and to investigate the practicing urologists' knowledge about the clinical application of this product. MATERIALS We administrated an investigational survey about clinical use of a phytotherapeutic product made of D-Mannose, ElliroseTM and Lactobacollus Plantarum to 12 residents in Urology at the University of Modena and Reggio Emilia and to 32 urologists working in the provinces of Modena, Reggio Emilia and Parma. RESULTS 61% of physicians have diagnosed rUTIs in 3-6 patients during a month, and 7% of them in more than 6 patients during the same phas a proved positive impact.BACKGROUND Although the majority of venous thromboembolic events occurs in primary care, most of the studies concerning its prophylaxis investigate hospitalized patients. Therefore, in primary care, many clinical decisions have to be taken in the absence of great clinical evidence derived from studies performed directly on outpatients. The objective of our study is to evaluate the clinical approach of Italian General Practitioners to the prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism in medical outpatients. METHODS A web-based questionnaire was emailed to 766 Italian General Practitioners. In the questionnaire there were four exemplary clinical cases concerning hypothetical patients at venous thromboembolic risk. RESULTS Overall 232 questionnaires were returned. Approximately 40% of the participants reported to assess thrombotic and hemorrhagic risk with a risk assessment model but nevertheless only a narrow minority had recourse to a suitable and validated score for this purpose. In the chronically bedridden patient about half of the participants administered a heparin or an antiplatelet drug for long time. In acute outpatients at high venous thromboembolic risk there was a considerable underuse of heparin prophylaxis and graduated compression stockings were often considered as a first prophylactic option. Prolonged heparin prophylaxis in the post-acute setting was also the practice for half of the participants. CONCLUSIONS Italian General Practitioners approach these "grey" areas of uncertainty in a significantly heterogeneous way and sometimes in sharp contrast to the recent evidence. The present findings stress the need for further targeted educational programs and new high quality studies to further deep this clinical context.Neutrophilic inflammation is central to disease pathogenesis, e.g. in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, yet the mechanisms retaining neutrophils within tissues remain poorly understood. With emerging evidence that axon guidance factors can regulate myeloid recruitment and that neutrophils can regulate expression of a class 3 Semaphorin, SEMA3F, we investigated the role of SEMA3F in inflammatory cell retention within inflamed tissues. We observed that neutrophils upregulate SEMA3F in response to pro-inflammatory mediators and following recruitment to the inflamed lung. In both zebrafish tail injury and murine acute lung injury models of neutrophilic inflammation, overexpression of SEMA3F delayed inflammation resolution with slower neutrophil migratory speeds and retention of neutrophils within the tissues. Conversely, constitutive loss of sema3f accelerated egress of neutrophils from the tail injury site in fish, whilst neutrophil specific deletion of Sema3f in mice resulted in more rapid neutrophil transit through the airways, and significantly reduced time to resolution of the neutrophilic response. Study of filamentous- (F-) actin subsequently showed SEMA3F mediated retention is associated with F-actin disassembly. In conclusion, SEMA3F signaling actively regulates neutrophil retention within the injured tissues with consequences for neutrophil clearance and inflammation resolution.BACKGROUND Insulin is a key regulator of metabolic function. The effects of excess adiposity, insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis on the complex integration of insulin secretion and hepatic and extrahepatic tissue extraction are not clear. METHODS A hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp and a 3-hour oral glucose tolerance test were used to evaluate insulin sensitivity and insulin kinetics after glucose ingestion in three groups i) lean with normal intrahepatic triglyceride (IHTG) and glucose tolerance (Lean-NL; n=14); ii) obese with normal IHTG and glucose tolerance (Obese-NL; n=24); and iii) obese with hepatic steatosis and prediabetes (Obese-NAFLD; n=22). RESULTS Insulin sensitivity progressively decreased and insulin secretion progressively increased from Lean-NL to Obese-NL to Obese-NAFLD. Fractional hepatic insulin extraction progressively decreased from Lean-NL to Obese-NL to Obese-NAFLD, whereas total hepatic insulin extraction (molar amount removed) was greater in Obese-NL and Obese-NAFLD than Lean-NL. Insulin appearance in the systemic circulation and extrahepatic insulin extraction progressively increased from Lean-NL to Obese-NL to Obese-NAFLD. Total hepatic insulin extraction plateaued at high rates of insulin delivery, whereas the relationship between systemic insulin appearance and total extrahepatic extraction was linear. CONCLUSION Hyperinsulinemia after glucose ingestion in Obese-NL and Obese-NAFLD is due to an increase in insulin secretion, without a decrease in total hepatic or extrahepatic insulin extraction. However, the liver's maximum capacity to remove insulin is limited because of a saturable extraction process. The increase in insulin delivery to the liver and extrahepatic tissues in Obese-NAFLD is unable to compensate for the increase in insulin resistance, resulting in impaired glucose homeostasis.BACKGROUND Post-receptor insulin resistance (IR) is associated with hyperglycemia and hepatic steatosis. However, receptor-level IR (e.g. insulin receptor pathogenic variants, INSR) causes hyperglycemia without steatosis. We examined four pathologic conditions of IR in humans to examine pathways controlling lipid metabolism and gluconeogenesis. METHODS Cross-sectional study of severe, receptor IR (INSR, n=7), versus post-receptor IR that was severe (lipodystrophy, n=14), moderate (type 2 diabetes [T2D], n=9) or mild (obesity, n=8). Lipolysis (glycerol turnover), hepatic glucose production (HGP), gluconeogenesis (deuterium incorporation from body water into glucose), hepatic triglyceride (magnetic resonance spectroscopy), and hepatic fat oxidation (plasma β-hydroxybutyrate) were measured. RESULTS Lipolysis was 2-3-fold higher in INSR versus all other groups, and HGP 2-fold higher in INSR and lipodystrophy versus T2D and obesity (p less then 0.001) suggesting severe adipose and hepatic IR. INSR subjects had a higher contribution of gluconeogenesis to HGP, ~77%, versus 52-59% in other groups (p=0.0001). Despite high lipolysis, INSR subjects had low hepatic triglycerides (0.5 [0.1-0.5]), in contrast to lipodystrophy (10.6 [2.8-17.1], p less then 0.0001). β-hydroxybutyrate was 2-7-fold higher in INSR versus all other groups (p less then 0.0001) consistent with higher hepatic fat oxidation. CONCLUSION These data support a key pathogenic role of adipose tissue IR to increase glycerol and FFA availability to the liver in both receptor and post-receptor IR. However, the fate of FFA diverges in these populations. In receptor-level IR, FFA oxidation drives gluconeogenesis rather than being reesterified to triglyceride. In contrast, in post-receptor IR, FFA contributes to both gluconeogenesis and hepatic steatosis. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01778556; NCT00001987; NCT02457897Funding. NIDDK, USDA ARS 58-3092-5-001.
Here's my website: https://www.selleckchem.com/products/Streptozotocin.html