Notes

Heterogeneity regarding Antibiotics Multidrug-Resistance Account regarding Uropathogens within Romanian Population.
Additionally, the intensity of menstrual pain was significantly associated with diffusion measures of thalamus-SI fiber connections. Our study suggested that the thalamus-related pain processing pathways had altered white matter integrity that persisted beyond the time of menstruation, and the white matter microstructure of the thalamus-SI pathways was closely related to menstrual pain in the intensity by women with PDM.Numerous studies have shown that restrained eating is not an effective weight loss strategy. Restrained eaters often suppress their desires and thoughts about tasty food, which makes it more difficult to control themselves in subsequent eating behavior. The ego depletion impairs conflict monitoring abilities. Therefore, this study explored the effects of food thoughts suppression on restrained eaters' conflict monitoring. Therefore, this study used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) methods to explore changes in the activity of brain regions involved in conflict monitoring when restrained eaters choose between high- and low-calorie foods after either suppressing or not suppressing thoughts about food. The results showed that, compared to the control condition, after suppression of such thoughts, restrained eaters chose more high-calorie foods and displayed decreased activity in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex-an important region in charge of conflict monitoring. At the same time, the functional coupling of the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and the precuneus increased. Our findings suggest that restrained eaters' suppression of thoughts about tasty food could lead to a decline in their ability to monitor conflicts between current behaviors and goals, which in turn leads to unhealthy eating behavior.Peak width of skeletonized mean diffusivity (PSMD) is a new MRI marker, which has shown clinical relevance in some neurological conditions and, in preliminary data, in multiple sclerosis (MS). We aimed here to investigate, in a group of relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) patients, the relationship between PSMD and cognitive performances, in comparison with other MRI measures. RRMS patients (n = 60) and normal controls (n = 15) underwent a 3 T MRI examination. MRI-based white matter (WM) lesion volume, microstructural integrity (assessed with Tract-Based Spatial Statistics of diffusion tensor imaging [DTI] images) and brain volumes (i.e., total brain, grey matter [GM] and WM) were computed. In addition, PSMD was calculated through "skeletonization" of WM tracts and diffusion histograms. Cognition was evaluated with Rao's Brief Repeatable Battery (BRB), which incorporated tests of verbal and visual memory, attention, concentration, information processing speed and verbal fluency. PSMD closely correlated with symbol digit modalities test (SDMT) (r = -0.70, p less then  0.001) and, to a lesser extent, with verbal and visual memory tests. Multiple regression analysis showed that PSMD explained SDMT variance (R2 = 0.54, p less then  0.001) more than other MRI measures. Results point out the relevance of microstructural damage, as assessed by PSMD, as a reliable marker of cognition in MS, especially in explaining dysfunction in information processing speed.Increasing evidence has shown that positive affect enhances many aspects of daily functioning. Yet, how dispositional positive affect is represented in the intrinsic brain networks remains unclear. Here, we used resting-state functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging to test how trait positive and negative affect of an individual were associated with the intrinsic connectivity of brain regions within the salience and emotion network and the default mode network in 70 healthy young adults. We observed that positive affect was negatively associated with connectivity within the salience and emotion network, particularly with the bidirectional connections spanning the left anterior insula and left nucleus accumbens. For connections between the salience and emotion network and the rest of the brain, we observed that positive affect was negatively related to the connectivity between the right amygdala and the right middle temporal gyrus. Affect-based modulations of connectivity were specific to positive affect and to the salience and emotion network. Our findings highlight the critical role of salience and emotion network in the neural relations of positive affect, and lay the groundwork for future studies on modeling the connectivity of salience and emotion network to predict mental well-being.The taste receptor type I (Tas1R) family consists of three G protein-coupled receptors (T1R1, T1R2, and T1R3) that form heterodimers recognizing sweet compounds (T1R2/T1R3) or amino acids (T1R1/T1R3). These receptors are nutrient sensors that facilitate appropriate physiological responses with nutrient availability. However, their contribution to the development of pathologies associated with overnutrition (e.g., atherosclerosis) is unclear. The aim of the present study was to determine if T1R3 deletion would reduce atherosclerotic plaque development in mice. We generated atherosclerotic mice with whole-body deletion of T1R3 by crossing T1R3-/- mice with ApoE-/- mice. T1R3+/+ ApoE-/- and T1R3-/- ApoE-/- mice were maintained on an atherogenic high-fat diet for 8 weeks. Weight gain and food consumption were measured during the 8-week diet. Atherosclerotic lesion development and size were assessed by en face analysis of intact aortas and microscopic analysis of aortic roots. Our results indicate that T1R3 deletion in male and female ApoE-/- mice reduces aortic atherosclerotic plaque accumulation. Hepatic triglyceride accumulation, which was measured by quantification of oil red O staining, was also reduced in T1R3-/- mice. While the ablation of T1R3 reduced the final body weight of both males and females by approximately 12%, serum lipids, insulin, and glucose were either unchanged or slightly reduced. Immunoblot analysis of the phosphorylation of p70S6K, an effector of mTORC1, suggests T1R3 ablation reduces mTORC1 activity by approximately 50% in the male livers. Collectively, these findings suggest that the whole-body deletion of T1R3 reduces atherosclerosis and hepatic steatosis in a manner largely independent of the measured effects on whole-body glucose and lipid homeostasis.Cardiac disease following radiation therapy represents a major consideration in the treatment of a variety of malignancies. Damage to the heart can manifest in a variety of pathologies including ischemic cardiac disease, cardiomyopathy, valvular dysfunction, arrhythmias, and pericarditis. This damage has been shown to directly relate to cardiac radiation dose and to stem from a range of cellular pathways that are often related to fibrosis. The importance of minimizing radiation dose to the heart is especially critical in the pediatric population and when treating disease sites adjacent to the heart. Proton therapy represents a promising approach to minimize dose to normal tissues such as the heart. The cardiac dosimetry reductions due to proton therapy have been demonstrated in multiple cancers and further long-term follow-up will determine the clinical significance of these reductions to cardiac structures. Future approaches using advanced techniques such as FLASH therapy could provide even further benefit by reducing post-radiation fibrosis.The quantifiable health benefits of spiritual practice and religious community have inspired a movement toward addressing religion within health care and medical education, yet biomedical professionals still often avoid this topic (Giordano and Engebretson in Explore 2(3)216--225, 2006; Post et al. in Ann Intern Med 132(7)578, 2000). Vepesid This is largely due to a lack of clarity on how to ethically engage with diverse spiritual practices and maintain professional boundaries regarding spiritual care. However, a majority of patients desire increased incorporation of spirituality in medical discussions, indicating a deficit in care that must be addressed (Best et al. in Patient Educ Couns 98(11)1320-1328, 2015; Zaidi in AMA J Ethics 20(7), 2018). In this article, I clarify what constitutes successful spiritual care by identifying its key components and major challenges. I then make recommendations for ethically mindful, comprehensive spiritual care and consider potential next steps including structural changes that prioritize compassion and empathy in medicine.Nearly one century of research using growth hormone deficient (GHD) mouse lines has contributed greatly toward our knowledge of growth hormone (GH), a pituitary-derived hormone that binds and signals through the GH receptor and affects many metabolic processes throughout life. Although delayed sexual maturation, decreased fertility, reduced muscle mass, increased adiposity, small body size, and glucose intolerance appear to be among the negative characteristics of these GHD mouse lines, these mice still consistently outlive their normal sized littermates. Furthermore, the absence of GH action in these mouse lines leads to enhanced insulin sensitivity (likely due to the lack of GH's diabetogenic actions), delayed onset for a number of age-associated physiological declines (including cognition, cancer, and neuromusculoskeletal frailty), reduced cellular senescence, and ultimately, extended lifespan. In this review, we provide details about history, availability, growth, physiology, and aging of five commonly used GHD mouse lines.The original article can be found online.In Antarctica, multiple stresses (low temperatures, drought and excessive irradiance) hamper photosynthesis even in summer. We hypothesize that controlled inactivation of PSII reaction centres, a mechanism widely studied by pioneer work of Fred Chow and co-workers, may effectively guarantee functional photosynthesis under these conditions. Thus, we analysed the energy partitioning through photosystems in response to temperature in 15 bryophyte species presenting different worldwide distributions but all growing in Livingston Island, under controlled and field conditions. We additionally tested their tolerance to desiccation and freezing and compared those with their capability for sexual reproduction in Antarctica (as a proxy to overall fitness). Under field conditions, when irradiance rules air temperature by the warming of shoots (up to 20 °C under sunny days), a predominance of sustained photoinhibition beyond dynamic heat dissipation was observed at low temperatures. Antarctic endemic and polar species showed the largest increases of photoinhibition at low temperatures. On the contrary, the variation of thermal dissipation with temperature was not linked to species distribution. Instead, maximum non-photochemical quenching at 20 °C was related (strongly and positively) with desiccation tolerance, which also correlated with fertility in Antarctica, but not with freezing tolerance. Although all the analysed species tolerated - 20 °C when dry, the tolerance to freezing in hydrated state ranged from the exceptional ability of Schistidium rivulare (that survived for 14 months at - 80 °C) to the susceptibility of Bryum pseudotriquetrum (that died after 1 day at - 20 °C unless being desiccated before freezing).
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