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Regulation concerns throughout biosimilars: Middle Far east and also Africa areas.
This study aimed to determine the validity and reliability of the atrial fibrillation effect on quality of life (AFEQT) questionnaire and evaluate the quality of life of patients with atrial fibrillation (AF).

This was a methodological study that included 204 patients with AF over the age of 18 who participated voluntarily in the study. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire, the AFEQT questionnaire, and the University of Toronto atrial fibrillation severity scale (AFSS). The AFEQT questionnaire was translated into Turkish and presented to an expert panel, after which a pilot study was carried out with 20 patients for linguistic equivalence and cultural adaptation. The reliability of the AFEQT questionnaire was determined using Cronbach's alpha and item-total correlation coefficient analyses.

The Cronbach's alpha value was found to be 0.91, and the scale and subscale item-total correlation values ranged from 0.36 to 0.91. The validity of the AFEQT questionnaire was determined by construct, concurrent, and discriminant validity analyses. The factor loads of the AFEQT questionnaire ranged from 0.37 to 0.94 and the ratio was χ2/df=2.43 in the confirmatory factor analysis. A negative and highly significant relationship was found in concurrent validity between the AFEQT questionnaire and the AFSS. When AF risk factors were compared with the AFEQT questionnaire, it showed that AF-related risk factors negatively affected patients' quality of life. The AFEQT questionnaire was suitable in terms of discriminant validity.

The Turkish AFEQT questionnaire was found to be reliable and valid; therefore, we recommend its use to evaluate the quality of life of patients with AF.
The Turkish AFEQT questionnaire was found to be reliable and valid; therefore, we recommend its use to evaluate the quality of life of patients with AF.
The systematic coronary risk evaluation (SCORE) estimates the 10-year risk of fatal cardiovascular disease (CVD), and its application is recommended. The absolute risk of CVD, independent of risk factors, is relatively low in young individuals. Expressing the risk as their "risk age" may aid in understanding the risk. This study aimed to demonstrate a possible correlation between vascular risk age, SCORE risk value, and the level of subclinical atherosclerosis evaluated using a pulse wave velocity (PWV) device.

This work was designed to be a cross-sectional study. The SCORE 10-year fatal CVD risk and vascular risk age were calculated for patients below the age of 50 years and without any previous diagnosis of atherosclerotic disease or equivalents. The PWV of each patient was measured non-invasively using a PWV device.

The study population included a total of 300 patients with a mean age of 35.1±9.5 years. The mean PWV and mean vascular age of the entire study population were 6.3±1.3 m/s and 44.3±5.5 years, respectively, and the median 10-year risk of fatal CVD score was 0.4 (0.04-2.74). There was a positive correlation between PWV and the 10-year risk of fatal CVD (r=0.613; P<0.001) and vascular risk age (r=0.684; P<0.001).

Despite their young age and low to moderate 10-year risk of fatal CVD (<1%-5%) according to the SCORE chart, patients with a high vascular risk age were found to have high PWV values. These results show that calculations of vascular risk age might be used to assess the risk of fatal CVD in young patients and correlate with subclinical atherosclerosis.
Despite their young age and low to moderate 10-year risk of fatal CVD ( less then 1%-5%) according to the SCORE chart, patients with a high vascular risk age were found to have high PWV values. These results show that calculations of vascular risk age might be used to assess the risk of fatal CVD in young patients and correlate with subclinical atherosclerosis.
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and diabetes mellitus (DM) are common comorbidities in heart failure (HF). Patients with HF are at a high risk of hyperkalemia, and are therefore undertreated with respect to disease-modifying therapies. The Turkish Research Team-Heart Failure (TREAT HF) data were analyzed for the evaluation of hyperkalemia in real-life clinical practice in HF patients with CKD or DM.

The TREAT HF is a multicenter, national, observational registry. In this study, potassium levels of 1028 patients with HF were analyzed. Hyperkalemia is defined as blood potassium levels >5 mEq/L and evaluated based on the CKD, DM, HF medications, and New York Heart Association (NYHA) classes.

Overall, 14.3% of patients (n=147) were found to have hyperkalemia. Hyperkalemia was more prevalent in patients with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 than those with eGFR ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2 (17.7% and 12%, respectively, p=0.010). Hyperkalemia was present in 10.9% (n=23) of patients withith DM have hyperkalemia. The risk of hyperkalemia increases with advanced stages of CKD or NYHA and the risk is higher in patients receiving RAAS inhibitor therapy.
Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery as a primary treatment for acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is still debated. This study aimed to evaluate the predictors of long-term mortality in STEMI patients undergoing emergent CABG. RGFP966 in vivo To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate the long-term mortality predictors in patients with STEMI revascularized by primary CABG.

This retrospective study included 88 consecutive patients with STEMI, who did not qualify for primary percutaneous intervention and required emergent CABG between 2010 and 2017. The study population was divided into the following 2 groups survivors and nonsurvivors. The 2 groups were compared in terms of demographics, preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative characteristics.

23 of the 88 patients, died during the median 92.8 (69.0-105.1) months of follow-up. Data were evaluated with univariate and multivariate analyses. Killip class (p<0.001) was found to be an independent predictor of long-term all-cause mortality in patients with STEMI revascularized by CABG, and mortality rates increased significantly as Killip class increased (log-rank test, p<0.001). Moreover, age (p=0.044) was found to be an independent predictor of long-term mortality. Left ventricular ejection fraction, glomerular filtration rate, glucose levels, and left anterior descending artery to the left internal mammary artery graft usage (p=0.001, p=0.009, p<0.001, and p=0.039, respectively) were significantly associated with long-term all-cause mortality for our study population.

Killip class was found to be an independent predictor of long-term all-cause mortality in patients with STEMI who underwent emergent CABG. The patients' admission status may give valuable information about long-term mortality.
Killip class was found to be an independent predictor of long-term all-cause mortality in patients with STEMI who underwent emergent CABG. The patients' admission status may give valuable information about long-term mortality.
The study aimed to evaluate the influence of different degrees of multidetector computed tomography (MDCT)-based perimeter oversizing on incidence and severity of paravalvular aortic regurgitation (PAR) and conduction disturbances (CD) for the Portico device.

We retrospectively analyzed 63 patients who underwent transcatheter aortic implantation (TAVI) in our center from March 2017 to June 2019. Patients were divided into two groups (group I, below %13.9; group II, above 13.9%) based on the degree of oversizing. Oversizing was calculated as (Device nominal perimeter / MDCT-derived annular perimeter - 1) * 100. Procedural and clinical data were evaluated by VARC-2 definitions.

Mild or greater PAR was present in 76.4% of patients in group I and 34.4% of patients in group II (P = 0.009). The rate of CD tended to be lower in the patient's group I (P = 0.034). A cutoff value of 13.9% was identified as having the best predictive value for mild or greater PAR. On multivariate analysis, a lower percentage of oversizing (odds ratio 6.38; %95 confidence interval 2.00 - 20.33; P = 0.002) emerged as the most powerful independent predictor of PAR, whereas the implantation depth and severe oversizing were independent predictors of CD (P = 0.003 and P = 0.029, respectively). We demonstrated that the optimal acceptable perimeter-based oversizing range appears to be between 10 - 15%.

Perimeter-based oversizing by MDCT inversely correlated with PAR after TAVI for Portico device, and its preoperative evaluation could help in predicting PAR and CD.
Perimeter-based oversizing by MDCT inversely correlated with PAR after TAVI for Portico device, and its preoperative evaluation could help in predicting PAR and CD.Aneuploidy causes birth defects and miscarriages, occurs in nearly all cancers and is a hallmark of aging. Individual aneuploid cells can be eliminated from developing tissues by unknown mechanisms. Cells with ribosomal protein (Rp) gene mutations are also eliminated, by cell competition with normal cells. Because Rp genes are spread across the genome, their copy number is a potential marker for aneuploidy. We found that elimination of imaginal disc cells with irradiation-induced genome damage often required cell competition genes. Segmentally aneuploid cells derived from targeted chromosome excisions were eliminated by the RpS12-Xrp1 cell competition pathway if they differed from neighboring cells in Rp gene dose, whereas cells with normal doses of the Rp and eIF2γ genes survived and differentiated adult tissues. Thus, cell competition, triggered by differences in Rp gene dose between cells, is a significant mechanism for the elimination of aneuploid somatic cells, likely to contribute to preventing cancer.Aging is associated with complex molecular and cellular processes that are poorly understood. Here we leveraged the Tabula Muris Senis single-cell RNA-seq data set to systematically characterize gene expression changes during aging across diverse cell types in the mouse. We identified aging-dependent genes in 76 tissue-cell types from 23 tissues and characterized both shared and tissue-cell-specific aging behaviors. We found that the aging-related genes shared by multiple tissue-cell types also change their expression congruently in the same direction during aging in most tissue-cell types, suggesting a coordinated global aging behavior at the organismal level. Scoring cells based on these shared aging genes allowed us to contrast the aging status of different tissues and cell types from a transcriptomic perspective. In addition, we identified genes that exhibit age-related expression changes specific to each functional category of tissue-cell types. Altogether, our analyses provide one of the most comprehensive and systematic characterizations of the molecular signatures of aging across diverse tissue-cell types in a mammalian system.Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is an inherited retinal disease affecting >20 million people worldwide. Loss of daylight vision typically occurs due to the dysfunction/loss of cone photoreceptors, the cell type that initiates our color and high-acuity vision. Currently, there is no effective treatment for RP, other than gene therapy for a limited number of specific disease genes. To develop a disease gene-agnostic therapy, we screened 20 genes for their ability to prolong cone photoreceptor survival in vivo. Here, we report an adeno-associated virus vector expressing Txnip, which prolongs the survival of cone photoreceptors and improves visual acuity in RP mouse models. A Txnip allele, C247S, which blocks the association of Txnip with thioredoxin, provides an even greater benefit. Additionally, the rescue effect of Txnip depends on lactate dehydrogenase b (Ldhb) and correlates with the presence of healthier mitochondria, suggesting that Txnip saves RP cones by enhancing their lactate catabolism.
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