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Knock-in models in connection with Alzheimer's: synaptic transmitting, plaques along with the position associated with microglia.
Our method's main goal is to implement protection against the active influence of an internal attacker on the whole sensor network. We present the anomaly detection method, a dataset collection strategy, and experimental results that show how different types of attacks can be distinguished in the data produced by the nodes.Indoor environmental conditions can significantly affect occupants' health and comfort. These conditions are especially important in educational buildings, where students, teachers and staff spend long periods of the day and are vulnerable to these factors. Recently, indoor air quality has been a focus of attention to ensure that disease transmission in these spaces is minimised. In order to increase the knowledge in this field, experimental tests have been carried out to characterise the impact of natural ventilation strategies on indoor air quality and the acoustic environment. This study has evaluated three ventilation scenarios in four different classrooms in buildings of the University of Granada, considering different window and door opening configurations. Ventilation rates were estimated using the CO2 Decay Method, and background noise recordings were made in each classroom for acoustic tests. Results show that specific natural ventilation strategies have a relevant impact that is worth considering on the background noise in indoor spaces. In this sense ventilation rates provided by the different configurations varied between 3.7 and 39.8 air changes per hour (ACH) and the acoustic tests show a background noise ranging from 43 to 54 dBA in these scenarios. Consequently, managers and teachers should take into account not only the ACH, but also other collateral impacts on the indoor environmental conditions such as the thermal comfort or the acoustic environment.Toxic and nontoxic volatile organic compound (VOC) gases are emitted into the atmosphere from certain solids and liquids as a consequence of wastage and some common daily activities. Inhalation of toxic VOCs has an adverse effect on human health, so it is necessary to monitor their concentration in the atmosphere. In this work, we report on the fabrication of inorganic nanotube (INT)-tungsten disulfide, paper-based graphene-PEDOTPSS sheet and WS2 nanotube-modified conductive paper-based chemiresistors for VOC gas sensing. The WS2 nanotubes were fabricated by a two-step reaction, that is oxide reduction and sulfurization, carried out at 900 °C. The synthesized nanotubes were characterized by FE-SEM, EDS, XRD, Raman spectroscopy, and TEM. The synthesized nanotubes were 206-267 nm in diameter. The FE-SEM results show the length of the nanotubes to be 4.5-8 µm. The graphene-PEDOTPSS hybrid conductive paper sheet was fabricated by a continuous coating process. Then, WS2 nanotubes were drop-cast onto conductive paper for fabrication of the chemiresistors. The feasibility and sensitivity of the WS2 nanotube-modified paper-based chemiresistor were tested in four VOC gases at different concentrations at room temperature (RT). Experimental results show the proposed sensor to be more sensitive to butanol gas when the concentration ranges from 50 to 1000 ppm. The limit of detection (LOD) of this chemiresistor for butanol gas was 44.92 ppm. The WS2 nanotube-modified paper-based chemiresistor exhibits good potential as a VOC sensor with the advantages of flexibility, easy fabrication, and low fabrication cost.Oxygen saturation (SPO2) is an important indicator of health, and is usually measured by placing a pulse oximeter in contact with a finger or earlobe. However, this method has a problem in that the skin and the sensor must be in contact, and an additional light source is required. To solve these problems, we propose a non-contact oxygen saturation measurement technique that uses a single RGB camera in an ambient light environment. Utilizing the fact that oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin have opposite absorption coefficients at green and red wavelengths, the color space of photoplethysmographic (PPG) signals recorded from the faces of study participants were converted to the YCgCr color space. Substituting the peaks and valleys extracted from the converted Cg and Cr PPG signals into the Beer-Lambert law yields the SPO2 via a linear equation. When the non-contact SPO2 measurement value was evaluated based on the reference SPO2 measured with a pulse oximeter, the mean absolute error was 0.537, the root mean square error was 0.692, the Pearson correlation coefficient was 0.86, the cosine similarity was 0.99, and the intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.922. These results confirm the feasibility of non-contact SPO2 measurements.A 24 GHz high linear, high-gain up-conversion mixer is realized for fifth-generation (5G) applications in the 65 nm CMOS process. The mixer's linearity is increased by applying an Improved Derivative Super-Position (I-DS) technique cascaded between the mixer's transconductance and switching stage. The high gain and stability of amplifiers in the transconductance stage of the mixer are achieved using novel tunable capacitive cross-coupled common source (TCC-CS) transistors. Using the I-DS, the third-order non-linear coefficient of current is closed to zero, enhancing the linearity. Additionally, a TCC-CS, which is realized by varactors, neutralizes the gate-to-drain parasitic capacitance (Cgd) of transistors in the transconductance stage of the mixer and contributes to the improvement of the gain and stability of the mixer. The measured 1 dB compression point OP1dB of the designed mixer is 4.1 dBm and IP1dB is 0.67 dBm at 24 GHz. The conversion gain of 4.1 dB at 24 GHz and 3.2 ± 0.9 dB, from 20 to 30 GHz is achieved in the designed mixer. Furthermore, a noise figure of 3.8 dB is noted at 24 GHz. The power consumption of the mixer is 4.9 mW at 1.2 V, while the chip area of the designed mixer is 0.4 mm2.Cymbal transducers are frequently used as an array rather than a single element because of their high quality factor and low energy conversion efficiency. When used as an array, cymbal transducers are likely to have a big change in their frequency characteristics due to the interaction with neighboring elements. In this study, we designed an array pattern of cymbal transducers to achieve a wide frequency bandwidth using this property. First, cymbal transducers with specific center frequencies were designed. Next, a 2 × 2 planar array was constructed with the designed transducers, where dielectric polarity directions of the transducers were divided into two cases (i.e., same and different). For the array, the effect of the difference in the center frequencies and the spacing between the transducers on the acoustic characteristics of the entire array was analyzed. learn more Based on the results, the structural pattern of the array was optimized to have the maximum fractional bandwidth while maintaining the transmitting voltage response over a given requirement. The design validity was verified by making cymbal array prototypes, followed by measuring their performances and comparing them with that of the design.The purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of a tire pressure sensor (TPS) cycling power meter against a gold standard (SRM) during indoor cycling. Twelve recreationally active participants completed eight trials of 90 s of cycling at different pedaling and gearing combinations on an indoor hybrid roller. Power output (PO) was simultaneously calculated via TPS and SRM. The analysis compared the paired 1 s PO and 1 min average PO per trial between devices. Agreement was assessed by correlation, linear regression, inferential statistics, effect size, and Bland-Altman LoA. Reliability was assessed by ICC and CV comparison. TPS showed near-perfect correlation with SRM in 1 s (rs = 0.97, p less then 0.001) and 1-min data (rs = 0.99, p less then 0.001). Differences in paired 1 s data were statistically significant (p = 0.04), but of a trivial magnitude (d = 0.05). There was no significant main effect for device (F(1,9) = 0.05, p = 0.83, ηp2 = 0.97) in 1 min data and no statistical differences between devices by trial in post hoc analysis (p less then 0.01-0.98; d less then 0.01-0.93). Bias and LoA were -0.21 ± 16.77 W for the 1 min data. Mean TPS bias ranged from 3.37% to 7.81% of the measured SRM mean PO per trial. Linear regression SEE was 7.55 W for 1 min TPS prediction of SRM. ICC3,1 across trials was 0.96. No statistical difference (p = 0.09-0.11) in TPS CV (3.6-5.0%) and SRM CV (4.3-4.7%). The TPS is a valid and reliable power meter for estimating average indoor PO for time periods equal to or greater than 1 min and may have acceptable sensitivity to detect changes under less stringent criteria (±5%).The piezoelectric response of ZnO thin films in heterostructure-based devices is strictly related to their structure and morphology. We optimize the fabrication of piezoelectric ZnO to reduce its surface roughness, improving the crystalline quality, taking into consideration the role of the metal electrode underneath. The role of thermal treatments, as well as sputtering gas composition, is investigated by means of atomic force microscopy and x-ray diffraction. The results show an optimal reduction in surface roughness and at the same time a good crystalline quality when 75% O2 is introduced in the sputtering gas and deposition is performed between room temperature and 573 K. Subsequent annealing at 773 K further improves the film quality. The introduction of Ti or Pt as bottom electrode maintains a good surface and crystalline quality. By means of piezoelectric force microscope, we prove a piezoelectric response of the film in accordance with the literature, in spite of the low ZnO thickness and the reduced grain size, with a unipolar orientation and homogenous displacement when deposited on Ti electrode.Optical motion capture is a mature contemporary technique for the acquisition of motion data; alas, it is non-error-free. Due to technical limitations and occlusions of markers, gaps might occur in such recordings. The article reviews various neural network architectures applied to the gap-filling problem in motion capture sequences within the FBM framework providing a representation of body kinematic structure. The results are compared with interpolation and matrix completion methods. We found out that, for longer sequences, simple linear feedforward neural networks can outperform the other, sophisticated architectures, but these outcomes might be affected by the small amount of data availabe for training. We were also able to identify that the acceleration and monotonicity of input sequence are the parameters that have a notable impact on the obtained results.Many accidents are caused by sudden changes in the physical conditions of professional drivers. Therefore, it is quite important that the driver monitoring system must not restrict or interfere with the driver's action. Applications that can measure a driver's heartbeat without restricting the driver's action are currently under development. In this review, examples of heartbeat-monitoring systems are discussed. In particular, methods for measuring the heartbeat through sensing devices of a wearable-type, such as wristwatch-type, ring-type, and shirt-type devices, as well as through devices of a nonwearable type, such as steering-type, seat-type, and other types of devices, are discussed. The emergence of wearable devices such as the Apple Watch is considered a turning point in the application of driver-monitoring systems. The problems associated with current smartwatch- and smartphone-based systems are discussed, as are the barriers to their practical use in vehicles. We conclude that, for the time being, detection methods using in-vehicle devices and in-vehicle cameras are expected to remain dominant, while devices that can detect health conditions and abnormalities simply by driving as usual are expected to emerge as future applications.
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