Notes

Transcriptome examination unveils Vernalization is outside of chilly acclimation throughout Arabidopsis.
Based on a critical analysis of scientific publications for the last 200 years and on the collected specimens, a complete annotated list of both typical freshwater ichthyofauna of Sakhalin Island, with the inclusion of marine species that can be found in brackish coastal waters, is reported for the first time. The annotated list includes 226 species classified in three classes, 26 orders, 68 families, 29 subfamilies, and 148 genera. For 160 species, information is provided on collection samples deposited in various museums around the world, 36 of which are type specimens. For each species, conservation status (according to IUCN Red List of Threatened Species and the Red Book of the Sakhalin region), zoogeographic characteristics (distribution within Sakhalin Island and globally), abundance and commercial value are given. For a number of species, more detailed information on synonymy and nomenclature is provided. The study area is located in the western North Pacific and includes the entire coast of Sakhalin Island in the Sea of Okhotsk and the northern Sea of Japan, as well as the adjacent Sea of Okhotsk coast of northern Hokkaido, Japan.The genus Campoplex Gravenhorst, 1829 (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Campopleginae) from China is revised. Thirty-nine new species are proposed (C. absitus sp. nov., C. acarus sp. nov., C. adustantennalis sp. nov., C. angustaulacis sp. nov., C. apacicarinatus sp. nov., C. artivultus sp. nov., C. atricrus sp. nov., C. collucatus sp. nov., C. concretus sp. nov., C. confluentus sp. nov., C. cyclus sp. nov., C. densipunctatus sp. nov., C. exareola sp. nov., C. granalvus sp. nov., C. grandialphus sp. nov., C. grandicella sp. nov., C. granulosus sp. nov., C. galbipedis sp. nov., C. hei sp. nov., C. liuae sp. nov., C. lobatus sp. nov., C. longiclypeus sp. nov., C. maurotrochanter sp. nov., C. medicarinatus sp. nov., C. monochroma sp. nov., C. obtusoclypeus sp. nov., C. parassosae sp. nov., C. perpendicularis sp. nov., C. proportionis sp. nov., C. protenus sp. nov., C. plicopunctatus sp. nov., C. pseudocyclus sp. nov., C. pseudostrigatus sp. nov., C. shanxiensis sp. nov., C. strigatus sp. nov., C. taenius sp. nov., C. tanae sp. nov., C. xizangensis sp. nov., and C. xuthomelonus sp. nov.) and one species is recorded as new to Nepal (C. oriens Gupta Maheshwary). A key to Chinese species of Campoplex is provided.A new genus of Chamaemyiidae (Diptera Lauxanioidea) is described, namely Leucotaraxis gen. nov. (type species Leucopis atrifacies Aldrich; other included species Leucotaraxis argenticollis (Zetterstedt), comb. nov., Leucotaraxis piniperda (Malloch), comb. nov., and Leucotaraxis sepiola sp. nov.). These species are predators of Adelgidae (Hemiptera) infesting Pinaceae. Leucotaraxis argenticollis is Holarctic, while the other three species are Nearctic. The phylogeny of Leucotaraxis with other representatives of Chamaemyiidae was elucidated using mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences and the genus was found to be monophyletic. Egg and puparial stages are discussed or described and illustrated for all species except Leucotaraxis sepiola. Aumolertinib A key is provided to all species of Chamaemyiidae known to attack Pinaceae-infesting Sternorrhyncha, an annotated list of these taxa is provided, and a habitus photograph is provided for each genus with such species. In addition, a lectotype is designated for Leucopis olivacea Meijere, and it is synonymized under Neoleucopis obscura (Haliday), syn. nov.Mecolenus wahlbergi Schoenherr, the sole member of the basal apionine tribe Mecolenini and one of the least known South African weevils, was re-discovered at a new locality at Umtamvuna River separating KwaZulu-Natal and Eastern Cape provinces. It was found feeding on leaves of the Broad-leaved Wild-quince Cryptocarya latifolia Sond. (Lauraceae), which is the first record on the biology of this species. The distribution of M. wahlbergi is summarized and mapped, including unpublished records based primarily on the specimens deposited at the Durban Natural Science Museum. Concordance between the distribution of the weevil and its putative host C. latifolia is discussed. The adult morphology of M. wahlbergi is re-described and illustrated.A contribution to the knowledge of the ground beetles in Iran is given. The ground beetle diversity in Iran is rich, with 1135 known species and subspecies in total so far, and 20% percent of them are endemic. However, the Iranian fauna is still not well known. In this paper, five new taxa of ground beetles are described Leistus (Pogonophorus) spinibarbis zagrosensis ssp. n., Trechus kouroshi sp. n., Atranus dariushi sp. n. from Zagros, and Philorhizus flavocorpus sp. n. and Philorhizus kermanus sp. n. from Kerman; four new synonyms are established Poecilus (Ancholeus) aeneolus (Chaudoir, 1868) syn. n. and Poecilus (Ancholeus) hafezi (Morvan, 1975) syn. n. = Poecilus (Ancholeus) puncticollis (Dejean, 1828); Poecilus (Ancholeus) iranicus (Morvan, 1974) syn. n. = Poecilus (Derus) advena (Quensel, 1806), and Olegius turkmenicus Komarov, 1996 syn. n. = Pogonopsis pallida Bedel, 1898; and the first records of nine species for Iran are provided Porotachys ottomanus ssp. ottomanus Schweiger, 1968, Tachyura (Tachyura) shahinei (Schatzmayr Koch, 1934), Tachyura (Tachyura) conspicua (Schaum, 1863), Polyderis algiricus (Lucas, 1846), Polyderis impressipennis (Motschulsky, 1860), Pogonopsis pallida Bedel, 1898, Chlaenius (Trichochlaenius) albissoni Reitter, 1908, Philorhizus crucifer ssp. crucifer (Lucas, 1846), and Demetrias monostigma Samouelle, 1819.The genus Hampsonascia Volynkin, 2019 is restored from the synonymy with the genus Sesapa Walker, 1854 and subdivided into two species-groups. Five new species are described H. thaifascia sp. n. (N Thailand), H. phukha sp. n. (N Thailand), H. vanlanga sp. n. (N Vietnam), H. saldaitisi sp. n. ( Vietnam) and H. aulaca sp. n. (N Vietnam). A new combination is established Hampsonascia dentifascia (Hampson, 1894), comb. nov. Adults together with male and female genitalia are illustrated.Two new species of the genus Rhyacophila Pictet, R. kangae Park Nozaki sp. nov. and R. yamamotoi Nozaki sp. nov., are described from Korea and Japan, respectively. Both species belong to the Rhyacophila nigrocephala Species Group, and their genitalic morphology is very similar to those of R. confissa Botosaneanu 1970 and R. vicina Botosaneanu 1970 described from the Korean Peninsula. These four species can be distinguished from each other by the shape of the complex of preanal appendages and apicodorsal lobe of segment IX in males, and by the shape of the vaginal apparatus in females. Males of the two new species bear larger compound eyes in proportion to the head widths than those of R. confissa and R. vicina.Lanceola loveni antarctica and L. sphaerica are rare deep-sea species known from very few specimens. Until recently (Zeidler 2019) L. loveni antarctica was known only from the types, seven specimens (727 mm), from the Indian Ocean Sector of the Antarctic (Vinogradov 1962). Similarly, L. sphaerica, originally described as a variety of L. clausi (Vinogradov, 1957), based on two damaged specimens, a female (8.0 mm) and a male (9 mm), from the Kurile-Kamchatka region of the NW Pacific, later elevated to full species status by Vinogradov (1970) upon the discovery of a well-preserved male (5 mm) from the same general region, was until then known only from these three specimens. The recent discovery of several specimens of both species in the USNM (Zeidler 2019) has now made it possible to provide a more detailed redescription of these rare species, including some new distribution records.The flightless click-beetle Neodima yutangi sp. nov. is described and illustrated from Beichuan County, Northern Sichuan Province, China. Habitus and important diagnostic characters of the new species are illustrated. An updated distribution map of the genus and key to Neodima species are provided. The distribution, habitat and some notable morphological characters of the genus are discussed.The Onthophagus chevrolati Harold, 1869 (Coleoptera Scarabaeidae Scarabaeinae Onthophagini) species complex was recently studied, and a majority of its species were newly described or redescribed (see Moctezuma Halffter 2020). Onthophagus viridichevrolati Moctezuma Halffter, 2020 was the only species within the O. chevrolati species complex recognized to occur in the Mexican state of Jalisco (Moctezuma Halffter 2020). Recently, new material belonging to the O. chevrolati species complex was collected from the maple (Acer; Sapindaceae) forests of Talpa de Allende, Jalisco, Mexico. The examination of these specimens showed that they are morphologically similar to O. chevrolati Harold, 1869 and belong to an undescribed species. In this study, we provide photographs of the habitus (male and female) and male genitalia of O. acernorus new species; an identification key to separate it from O. chevrolati, and an updated distribution map of the O. chevrolati species complex.In this study, the systematic status of Messageria Bavay Dautzenberg, 1904 is discussed. It is recognized as an alycaeid genus, rather than as a subgenus or a junior synonym of Helicomorpha Mllendorff, 1890 (Diplommatinidae) as previously thought. Additionally, a new species, Messageria sinica n. sp. from Guizhou, and a new subspecies, Messageria scalarioides donghiana n. ssp. from Guangxi are described. Messageria scalarioides donghiana n. ssp. is morphologically different from the nominate subspecies by the larger shell and wider lower whorls and umbilicus. Messageria sinica n. sp. is morphologically different from the type species by having larger shell and distinct intermediate ribs.The fossil record of Triassic Diptera is still poor, with the oldest dipteran assemblage described from the Upper Buntsandstein of the 'Grs Voltzia Formation (early Anisian, France). From the stratigraphically closest insect fauna of the Rt Formation of Lower Franconia, Germany, the first Diptera, Bashkonia franconica gen. et sp. nov. is described based on an isolated wing. The new genus is assigned to the family Nadipteridae, bridging the gap between two other genera included.Based on comparative morphology of adults, a phylogeny is proposed for the butterfly tribe Amathusiini (Nymphalidae, Satyrinae). The dataset includes 92 characters scored for 45 species in 12 genera, representing the most comprehensive phylogenetic analysis for this group. Parsimony analyses produced a well-resolved strict consensus tree where genera were divided in three main groups (clade 1) Stichophthalma; (clade 2) Aemona, Faunis, Melanocyma and Taenaris; (clade 3) Enispe, Discophora, Thaumantis, Thauria, Amathusia, Amathuxidia, and Zeuxidia. While genera in clades 1 and 2 were found to be morphologically homogeneous, clade 3 showed remarkable morphological divergence between and within genera. The monophyly of most genera was recovered with variable levels of support, but Melanocyma and Taenaris nested within Faunis. Therefore, here Melanocyma NEW SYN. is subsumed within Faunis, and Taenaris STAT. REV. is regarded as a subgenus of Faunis. Mimicry likely evolved a single time within the Faunis-Taenaris assemblage, as species of Taenaris formed a monophyletic group.
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