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Amphiphilic Triblock Copolymer Prodrug regarding Tumor-Specific pH/Reduction Dual-Triggered Substance Shipping: Effect of Self-Assembly Behaviours.
Cast soakage with lukewarm water followed by unwrapping is a simple and cost-effective method of Ponseti cast removal which can be done by parents at home improving the overall satisfaction of the family.
Although fractures of the forearm and also Galeazzi fractures are normally treated by open reduction and internal compression plate fixation, Ilizarov published good results using his ring fixator even for these injuries. Because a patient with a Galeazzi fracture denied in-hospital stay and open reduction and internal fixation of the radius shaft, he was treated by means of external fixation.

A50-year-old patient presented 4 weeks after a Galeazzi injury without initial treatment and a shortened radius shaft associated with a dislocated distal radioulnar joint. Through a ring fixator, the fragments were distracted, reduced, and stabilized. Besides an uncomplicated pin-tract infection, the injury healed uneventfully with a very good outcome and very high patient satisfaction still 25 years after the injury.

By applying the principles of bone healing and osteosynthesis, even older or unconventional treatment strategies can be indicated and conducted successfully in individual patients, leading to good results and high patient satisfaction.
By applying the principles of bone healing and osteosynthesis, even older or unconventional treatment strategies can be indicated and conducted successfully in individual patients, leading to good results and high patient satisfaction.
Traumatic posterior dislocation of the shoulder is exceedingly rare in pediatric patients. Main causes are obstetrical brachial plexus injury; congenital abnormalities of the glenohumeral joint; and voluntary dislocation, which are often multidirectional. Treatment is not consusual and depends on early diagnosis.

Posterior shoulder dislocation was diagnosed in a 9-year-old boy while practicing judo. His right upper limb was held adducted and internally rotated and could not be externally rotated. Bloom-Obata axial view and computed tomography-scan allowed us to make the diagnosis. Reduction was performed under general anesthesia. No injuries were detected on post-reduction magnetic resonance imaging. At 18 months patient had recovered all his shoulder mobility.

Traumatic posterior shoulder dislocation is exceedingly rare in pediatric patients. Treatment is easy and effective at the acute phase. Awareness of the presentation of posterior shoulder dislocation is crucial to allow the early diagnosis and treatment.
Traumatic posterior shoulder dislocation is exceedingly rare in pediatric patients. Treatment is easy and effective at the acute phase. Awareness of the presentation of posterior shoulder dislocation is crucial to allow the early diagnosis and treatment.
Injuries to the knee ligaments, menisci, and cartilage are possible in high-velocity trauma as in road traffic accidents. Similarly, these structures can be disrupted in proximal tibia fractures. We present a series of three cases which had a previously undescribed injury combination.

The first and second patients presented primarily to us following fall from motorbikes. Both these patients had injuries of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), medial collateral ligament (MCL), lateral meniscus body and posterior root tear, and osteochondral fracture of posterolateral tibia. The osteochondral fracture was managed by internal fixation with headless compression screws. The ligaments were either repaired or reconstructed and meniscus root tear was treated by transtibial pull through repair. The third patient also had the same injury but was treated at another center. He presented with early arthritis of the lateral tibiofemoral joint and valgus malalignment. Treatment for him was in the form of lateral distalon and fixation of the fracture takes precedence to avoid later devastating sequel for the knee.
Giant cell tumor (GCT) of bone is a locally aggressive benign neoplasm that accounts for 4-10% of all primary bone tumors. It affects mostly young adults and occurs more frequently at the bones around the knee followed by the distal radius and the sacrum. Surgical treatment with curettage is the optimal treatment for local tumor control, but it can be associated to suboptimal functional outcome when located in periarticular regions.

We describe a 47-year-old Caucasian female who presented with pain in the proximal third of the left forearm without history of traumatism. The study performed revealed a pathological fracture of the proximal radius associated with lytic lesion. The patient underwent excision and curettage of the lesion with preservation of the periosteum, filling with the left proximal radius (corpse) allograft and osteosynthesis with plate and screws. The anatomopathological examination revealed characteristics compatible with GCT.

This case presents some unique features The extremely rare location of the GCT at the proximal end of the radius, its initial presentation as a pathological fracture, and the type of treatment performed (reconstruction with the left proximal radius allograft-corpse), with good results.
This case presents some unique features The extremely rare location of the GCT at the proximal end of the radius, its initial presentation as a pathological fracture, and the type of treatment performed (reconstruction with the left proximal radius allograft-corpse), with good results.
Fractures of the tibial spines occur in 3/100,000 children per year and are rare in children under 8 years. Non-union after avulsion fracture of the tibial spine is even rarer, especially under 8 years, with only few cases described in the literature.

A 6-year-old boy with went to the emergency department after suffering trauma in his left knee. In the performed X-ray, no osteoarticular injury was identified. Conservative treatment with immobilization with cast was performed. After removing the immobilization, the initial evolution was positive with no pain on mobilization. A few months later, he went again to the emergency department due to new left knee trauma. On examination, he had pain in the mobilization of the left knee, especially in knee extension which was not entire. Image study led to the diagnostic of avulsion fracture of the anterior tibial spines. The fracture was classified as modified Meyers and Mckeever Type II and conservative treatment with cast immobilization was performed. Linsitinib concentration In the cliefinite sequels and disabilities.
This case illustrates a very rare complication of the fracture of the tibial spine, the non-union, which is very rare under 8 years age. Besides, it highlights the importance of having a high index of suspicion to detect non-union after tibial spine fracture as long as timely treatment may be crucial to avoid definite sequels and disabilities.
Bone grafts are widely performed to fill bone cavities and accelerate bone ingrowth. Advances in minimally invasive surgical techniques to treat bone tumors provide the impetus for minimally invasive bone graft procedures. A special funnel with an inner plunger has been manufactured specifically for the delivery of bone graft substitutes.

Secondary bone cysts in two patients with fibrous dysplasia (a 42-year-old male and a 36-year-old female) were treated with the bone graft substitute β-tricalcium phosphateby implantation through a small fenestration in the greater trochanter using a special funnel. Bone consolidation has been observed at about 6 months after the surgery.

Secondary bone cysts in two patients with fibrous dysplasiaare presented as representative cases for this method. The funnel was particularly useful for proximal femoral cystic lesions, as a solitary bone cyst; it facilitated a minimally invasive surgical procedure without the need for curettage. Small fenestrations reduce the likelihood of surgery-related fractures. Long-term follow-up is necessary to confirm the method and is capable of curing secondary bone cysts in patients with fibrous dysplasia.
Secondary bone cysts in two patients with fibrous dysplasiaare presented as representative cases for this method. The funnel was particularly useful for proximal femoral cystic lesions, as a solitary bone cyst; it facilitated a minimally invasive surgical procedure without the need for curettage. Small fenestrations reduce the likelihood of surgery-related fractures. Long-term follow-up is necessary to confirm the method and is capable of curing secondary bone cysts in patients with fibrous dysplasia.
Paget's disease (PD) is the most common metabolic bone disorder after osteoporosis. Clinically, it can result in pain, bony deformity, pathologic fractures, and, in the late stage, progression to malignancy. At a pathophysiological level, PD manifests as an imbalance between the homeostasis of bone destruction and formation. Bones most often involved with this disease process include the pelvis, femur, tibia, vertebra, and skull. The goals of orthopedic intervention in PD are two-fold Prevention of pathologic fracture with internal stabilization and reconstruction following fracture, which is often complicated by poor bone quality and advanced deformity. In this case report, authors detail a patient with PD who presented with a pathologic left subtrochanteric femur fracture requiring a novel complex femoral reconstruction with a 29-year follow-up period. To the best of our knowledge, no such report exists, particularly with this degree of long-term follow-up.

A 70-year-old Caucasian man with PD presented n in PD bone and to consider the implications it may have when planning surgical intervention.
With the diversity of prosthetic components patients with a transtibial amputation can now expect to return to high function. Subsequently, the ipsilateral knee is at risk of developing osteoarthritis with a need for a provision of total knee arthroplasty (TKA).

We describe a novel technique for TKA in a transtibial amputee utilizing navigation with a tibial jig. Post-operative radiographs revealed varus tibial alignment with neutral limb alignment. Resolution of stump swelling allowing accurate prosthesis fitting was seen at 8 weeks. A new prosthesis optimized functional alignment and a return to moderate labor was achieved at 10 weeks. At 1-year postoperatively, patient satisfaction was excellent.

Navigation alongside stump alignment is a useful technique. We found that after socket fitting, radiographic tibial varus alignment can correspond with a stump position that allows balanced loading of the knee and excellent function.
Navigation alongside stump alignment is a useful technique. We found that after socket fitting, radiographic tibial varus alignment can correspond with a stump position that allows balanced loading of the knee and excellent function.
We herein report a case of idiopathic unilateral external torsion of the tibia treated with Taylor spatial frame (TSF) fixation combined with performance of the wake-up test under anesthesia. The wake-up test is performed toward the end of a surgical procedure after all corrections have been made and hardware has been placed. The patient is slowly awakened and asked to move their feet. After recovery from anesthesia, patients do not remember performing this test.

A 17-year-old Japanese male patient complained of a gait disturbance because of external torsion of his foot. The patient was determined to have lateral tibial torsion with a pre-operative foot progression angle of 40.8°. Deformity correction using the TSF was considered to be safe. The tibia was derotated by -34.8°, and the patient had a post-operative foot progression angle of 7.0°. His symptoms and signs improved after derotation osteotomy at the low tibial portion. Two years postoperatively, the patient exhibited no leg length discrepancy or rotation malalignment of the lower extremities as measured both clinically and radiographically.
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