Notes

Built-in miRNA-mRNA investigation provides potential biomarkers pertaining to frugal reproduction in these kinds of scallop (Argopecten irradians).
Neural networks have proven to be very successful in automatically capturing the composition of language and different structures across a range of multi-modal tasks. Thus, an important question to investigate is how neural networks learn and organise such structures. Numerous studies have examined the knowledge captured by language models (LSTMs, transformers) and vision architectures (CNNs, vision transformers) for respective uni-modal tasks. However, very few have explored what structures are acquired by multi-modal transformers where linguistic and visual features are combined. It is critical to understand the representations learned by each modality, their respective interplay, and the task's effect on these representations in large-scale architectures. In this paper, we take a multi-modal transformer trained for image captioning and examine the structure of the self-attention patterns extracted from the visual stream. Our results indicate that the information about different relations between objects innsformers can be used to better understand and improve on such problems as pre-training of large-scale multi-modal architectures, multi-modal information fusion and probing of attention weights. In general, we contribute to the explainable multi-modal natural language processing and currently shallow understanding of how the input representations and the structure of the multi-modal transformer affect visual representations.This article discusses the usefulness of Toulmin's model of arguments as structuring an assessment of different types of wrongness in an argument. We discuss the usability of the model within a conversational agent that aims to support users to develop a good argument. Within the article, we present a study and the development of classifiers that identify the existence of structural components in a good argument, namely a claim, a warrant (underlying understanding), and evidence. Based on a dataset (three sub-datasets with 100, 1,026, 211 responses in each) in which users argue about the intelligence or non-intelligence of entities, we have developed classifiers for these components The existence and direction (positive/negative) of claims can be detected a weighted average F1 score over all classes (positive/negative/unknown) of 0.91. The existence of a warrant (with warrant/without warrant) can be detected with a weighted F1 score over all classes of 0.88. The existence of evidence (with evidence/without evponents.The school feeding program in government schools in Addis Ababa was interrupted due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The study employed a qualitative research to explore the effects of the interruption on students' well-being. The study participants were recruited from seven primary schools within six sub-cities of Addis Ababa using convenience sampling. Fifty-three in-depth interviews were conducted with students, parents, teachers, school principals, and school feeding agency officials. Thematic analysis was then conducted. The study found that the school feeding program has indeed improved school attendance and in class concentration; helped decrease lateness and dropout; reduced child labour and abuse; and taken off parent's burden. The interruption of the program has dire consequences on students' well-being, and their parents. Some effects this study finds troubling are food shortage; skipping meals; eating poor quality food; eating reduced portion size; and children being subject to child abuse and child labour for menial activities. Effective use of available resources through existing channels, such as the food banks and the urban safety net program, and encouraging innovative ideas, including the 'Each One Feed One' initiative, would help vulnerable children and families survive during the pandemic.We examined how different sectors of society experienced the first 21 days of the stay-at-home lockdown following the onset of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in South Africa. This rapid qualitative assessment was conducted remotely with 60 key and community informants from different socio-cultural and economic backgrounds in Gauteng, KwaZulu-Natal and the Western Cape provinces of South Africa. Atlas.ti.8 was used to facilitate qualitative data analysis. Data revealed how the lockdown exacerbated social inequalities for the poor and marginalised. Fear of infection, and food and income insecurity were common concerns mentioned in key and community informant interviews. Despite the social and economic distress, the data also point to a narrative of social responsibility, resilience and social cohesion. The social responsibility and cohesion demonstrated by South African communities should be drawn upon to invoke community resilience, even in the absence of physical proximity.With the rapid global spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, researchers from diverse fields of study have contributed markedly in different research aspects. Considering the substantial economic significance of the pandemic at the micro and macro level throughout the world, we review the scientific publications in the discipline of Economics. To draw a broad inference, we analyze a total of 1,636 scientific publications starting from 1974, which covers the period of earlier pandemics or epidemics that have a close association with COVID-19 using bibliometric analysis. Our analysis and mapping reveal key information related to the contributors at different levels, including author, institution, country, and publication sources. Besides, we identify the historical concentration of research using scientific clustering and illustrate transformations at different times. Moreover, recognizing the underlying inadequacy of economics research, we propose several areas of future research. Our findings and suggestions are expected to act as a roadmap to potential research opportunities and notable implications for business and policymakers.The article seeks to understand the position of Global South communities and ethnicities in contemporary global politics, using the COVID-19 crisis to illustrate and evidence the practical application of the decolonial theories. In two separate topics, it chronologically analyzes the racialization of the pandemics through the examples of the Asian and African (diasporic and continental) communities' respective homogenous stereotypes and their emergence between the outbreak of and attempted cure to the virus, comparing them to the ethno-racial categories historically attributed to the groups.The moral decisions we make during this period, such as deciding whether to comply with quarantine rules, have unprecedented societal effects. We simulate the "escape from Milan" that occurred on March 7th-8th 2020, when many travelers moved from a high-risk zone (Milan) to southern regions of Italy (Campania and Lazio) immediately after an imminent lockdown was announced. Our simulations show that fewer than 50 active cases might have caused the sudden spread of the virus observed afterwards in these regions. The surprising influence of the actions of few individuals on societal dynamics challenges our cognitive expectations - as in normal conditions, collective dynamics are rather robust to the decisions of few "cheaters". selleck inhibitor This situation therefore requires novel educational strategies that increase our awareness and understanding of the unprecedented effects of our individual moral decisions.In the early part of 2020, the coronavirus pandemic challenged human sociability as social distancing measures were introduced in an attempt to break 'the chain of infection'. A central component of human sociability is our innate ability to play and be playful, individually or together, for our own enjoyment or for the benefits of others. This article explores the adaptive benefits of play and playfulness for health and wellbeing, at a time when community assets such as family, friendships, neighbours and community groups are physically inaccessible as we abide by the UK government requirement to Stay at Home, Protect the NHS, Save Lives. Using the Five Ways to Wellbeing, numerous examples showing how people have been able to 'connect, be active, take notice, keep learning and give' during the coronavirus crisis, exemplifies the transformative power of play and playfulness and the best of human endeavour.The purpose of the study is to explore the shadow economy of violent extremism through charity lenses and factors associated with misuse of charitable giving in a global financial system. It reviews the emergency response situations like COVID-19 when financial needs are urgent with lacked monitoring and control over payment disbursement to vulnerable groups. It highlights several governments' significant steps to counter the illicit finance flow through 'public-face' charity organizations. Descriptive research was used to gather secondary data insights using published reports, articles, news portals, and policy briefs from renowned institutions. The findings depict four factors known as economic and capacity, socio-cultural, politico-legal, and global networks support in misuse of charitable giving to finance violent extremism. This study claims not all charitable giving misused for extremism and violence. However, there is a possibility that extremist groups could take advantage of using humanitarian organizations' face to finance violent extremism. Two possible recommendations have been made to overcome this issue by adopting digital payment mechanisms and community engagement to design and deliver the COVID-19 response recovery programs.The world encountered an emergent issue of great concern, regarding the new pandemic virus termed as 'Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19)'. This pandemic situation has disconcerted the socio-economic and psychological situations of people and their livelihoods, thus, disturbing societal equilibrium. Social distancing is considered to be an influential weapon to restrict this virus transmission. Like many others, especifically, the elderly people, face pressing difficulties in their daily life-world. Thus, a qualitative study is being considered among the Indian peri-urban elderly (N = 15, >60 years) to identify the experiences of social distancing on their lives and their situation in an everyday living context. The dominant themes are being identified in this study reveal that social relationships are in 'paradox' as it binds the proximate familial relations and distantiate the relations with their significant others that is the bonding between their friends and neighbours along with the coping strategies that have been recorded to overcome their immense psychological stress. Moreover, their preparedness to get back to the normal routines of their daily lives in post-COVID-19 is certainly a matter of concern to them. Thus, the study proposes to develop plans and policies towards awareness, counseling, and volunteering services based on local or remote area approach to make coping strategies for them more viable to combat this unforeseen crisis.The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted nearly every country in the world and affected numerous industries. Many businesses stopped or restricted their operations, resulting in service failures. This study aims to investigate the effect of customer participation and service failure on customer recovery satisfaction in the airline industry. The research employed a scenario-based experiment with 180 respondents as the samples. Convenience sampling was adopted. The responses of customer recovery satisfaction were measured on a 7-point Likert scale. Exploratory factor analysis was then used to validate the measurement and a general linear model was carried out to examine the impacts of customer participation and service failure on customer recovery satisfaction. The results showed that when the failure was due to the COVID-19, the highest customer satisfaction occurred when customers jointly participated in service recovery. This study also revealed that increasing customer participation during the service failure due to pilots on strike resulted in decreased customer recovery satisfaction.
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